A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Tourism during Pandemic COVID-19
Keywords:
Sustainable Tourism, COVID-19, Risk-mitigating Measures, Community Satisfaction, Netizens, Community Attachment, Community Involvement
Abstract
The main purpose of this research paper is to give a conceptual framework for sustainable tourism during pandemic like COVID-19 and also build a theoretical understanding of the key concepts relevant to sustainable tourism, which include perceived riskmitigating measures, community satisfaction, community involvement, community attachment, smart tourists' destination selection process, the impact of fear of COVID-19 and role of netizens in sustaining tourism. A qualitative research design is adopted in this study after taking insights from literature about sustainable tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic and conducting interviews with local community members directly participating in tourism activities and tourists who continued their tourism activities during these days. Finally proposes antecedents for sustainable tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic. The key ϐindings of this study reveal that society plays the main role in sustaining tourism during a pandemic. This study also provides a conceptual model for measuring sustainable tourism during the COVID-19 pandemic or any other pandemics like this COVID-19. And also, this study provides a deep understanding of those variables involved in the proposed conceptual framework. This study contributes to theory by providing latent variables for sustainable tourism useful for when the tourism industry is facing crises due to pandemic COVID-19. It also provides a conceptual framework with those variables that remain underexplored in previous studies. This conceptual model and literature review from previous studies add to the body of knowledge by introducing latent variables, while the conceptual model proposes relationships between these factors.
References
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Nicola, M., Alsaϐi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosiϐidis, C., … Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (covid-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
Penagos-Londoñ o, G. I., Rodriguez-Sanchez, C., Ruiz-Moreno, F., & Torres, E. (2021). A machine learning approach to segmentation of tourists based on perceived destination sustainability and trustworthiness. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 01-09. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100532
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Ramkissoon, H. (2020). Covid-19 place conϐinement, pro-social, pro-environmental behaviors, and residents’ wellbeing: A new conceptual framework. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 01-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02248
Rothenbuhler, E.W., Mullen, L. J., DeLaurell, R., & Ryu, C. R. (1996). Communication, community attachment, and involvement. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73(2), 445-466. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909607300214
Schneider, C. R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L., Recchia, G., Spiegelhalter, D., & van der Linden, S. (2021). COVID-19 risk perception: A longitudinal analysis of its predictors and associations with health protective behaviours in the United Kingdom. Journal of Risk Research, 24(3-4), 294-313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2021.1890637
Scoones, I. (2007). Sustainability. Development in Practice, 17(4-5), 589-596. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520701469609
Seeler, S., Zacher, D., Pechlaner, H., & Thees, H. (2021). Tourists as reϐlexive agents of change: Proposing a conceptual framework towards sustainable consumption. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 21(5), 567-585. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2021.1974543
Sharpley, R. (2020). Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years on. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(11), 1932-1946. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1779732
Sheller, M. (2021). Reconstructing tourism in the Caribbean: Connecting pandemic recovery, climate resilience and sustainable tourism through mobility justice. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(9), 1436-1449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1791141
Shrivastava, P., & Berger, S. (2010). Sustainability principles: A review and directions. Organization Management Journal, 7(4), 246-261. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/omj.2010.35
SHT, K. (2020). Impact of covid-19 on tourism industry: A review. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3JHr5mC
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Sobaih, A. E. E., Elshaer, I., Hasanein, A. M., & Abdelaziz, A. S. (2021). Responses to covid-19: The role of performance in the relationship between small hospitality enterprises’ resilience and sustainable tourism development. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 01-19.
Sohrabi, C., Alsaϐi, Z., O'neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., … Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (covid-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71-76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
Srivastava, P., Srivastav, S., Zhyber, T., & Hryzohlazov, D. (2021). Smart sustainability ranking system within local budgeting. Development, 19(4), 24-34. doi:https://doi.org/10.21511/ed.19(4).2020.03
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Theodori, G. L. (2001). Examining the effects of community satisfaction and attachment on individual well-being. Rural Sociology, 66(4), 618-628. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2001.tb00087.x
Tuan, V. K., & Rajagopal, P. (2019). Analyzing factors affecting tourism sustainable development towards Vietnam in the new era. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 7(1), 30-42.
WCED. (1987). World commission on environment and development. Our Common Future, 17(1), 1-91.
Wu, A., Peng, Y., Huang, B., Ding, X., Wang, X., Niu, P., … others (2020). Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China. Cell Host & Microbe, 27(3), 325-328. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.02.001
Zharova, L., Raksha, N., Spitsyna, A., Karolop, O., & Mirzodaieva, T. (2021). After-covid development of services in the framework of sustainable development. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S4), 1693-1706. doi:https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5nS4.1850
Alola, U. V., Cop, S., & Adewale Alola, A. (2019). The spillover effects of tourism receipts, political risk, real exchange rate, and trade indicators in Turkey. International Journal of Tourism Research, 21(6), 813-823. doi:https://doi.org/10.1002/jtr.2307
Appe, S. (2019). Reϐlections on sustainability and resilience in the NGO sector. Administrative Theory & Praxis, 41(3), 307-317. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10841806.2019.1621658
Aronsson, L., et al. (2000). The development of sustainable tourism. New York, NY: Continuum. Chang, M. M. . R. V., C. L. (2020). A charter for sustainable tourism after covid-19. Sustainability, 12(9), 10–13. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su12093671
Choi, H. C., & Murray, I. (2010). Resident attitudes toward sustainable community tourism. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 18(4), 575-594. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669580903524852
Cottrell, S. P., Vaske, J. J., & Roemer, J. M. (2013). Resident satisfaction with sustainable tourism: The case of Frankenwald Nature Park, Germany. Tourism Management Perspectives, 8, 42-48. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tmp.2013.05.005
Creswell, J. W., & Clark, V. L. P. (2017). Designing and conducting mixed methods research. Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications.
Dubey, B. P. G. R. C. S. D. M. J. C. S. L. D. . L. C. J., S. (2020). Psychosocial impact of covid-19. Diabetes & Metabolic Syndrome: Clinical Research & Reviews, 14(5), 779-788. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dsx.2020.05.035
Folke, C., Carpenter, S., Elmqvist, T., Gunderson, L., Holling, C. S., & Walker, B. (2002). Resilience and sustainable development: Building adaptive capacity in a world of transformations. AMBIO: A Journal of the Human Environment, 31(5), 437-440.
Ghaderi, Z., Hatamifar, P., & Henderson, J. C. (2018). Destination selection by smart tourists: The case of Isfahan, Iran. Asia Paciϔic Journal of Tourism Research, 23(4), 385-394. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/10941665.2018.1444650
Godovykh, M., Pizam, A., & Bahja, F. (2021). Antecedents and outcomes of health risk perceptions in tourism, following the COVID-19 pandemic. Tourism Review, 76(4), 737–748. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/TR-06-2020-0257
Jamal, T., & Budke, C. (2020). Tourism in a world with pandemics: Local-global responsibility and action. Journal of Tourism Futures, 6(2), 181–188. doi:https://doi.org/10.1108/JTF-02-2020-0014
Jo, D., Park, H.-Y., Choe, Y., & Kim, D.-K. (2019). Destination-selection attributes for international association meetings: A mixed-methods study. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 13, 61-72. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2019.05.005
Kanwal, S., Rasheed, M. I., Pitaϐi, A. H., Pitaϐi, A., & Ren, M. (2020). Road and transport infrastructure development and community support for tourism: The role of perceived beneϐits, and community satisfaction. Tourism Management, 77, 01-10. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tourman.2019.104014
Kim, S. S., Kim, J., Badu-Baiden, F., Giroux, M., & Choi, Y. (2021). Preference for robot service or human service in hotels? impacts of the COVID-19 pandemic. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 93, 01-12. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhm.2020.102795
Laroche, M., McDougall, G. H., Bergeron, J., & Yang, Z. (2004). Exploring how intangibility affects perceived risk. Journal of Service research, 6(4), 373-389. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1094670503262955
Ló pez, M. F. B., Virto, N. R., Manzano, J. A., & Miranda, J. G.-M. (2018). Residents' attitude as determinant of tourism sustainability: The case of Trujillo. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 35, 36-45. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041887
Marek, W. (2021). Will the consequences of Covid-19 trigger a redeϐining of the role of transport in the development of sustainable tourism? Sustainability, 13(4), 01-15. doi:https://doi.org/10.3390/su13041887
Mathew, P. V., & Sreejesh, S. (2017). Impact of responsible tourism on destination sustainability and quality of life of community in tourism destinations. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Management, 31, 83-89. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jhtm.2016.10.001
Nicola, M., Alsaϐi, Z., Sohrabi, C., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., Iosiϐidis, C., … Agha, R. (2020). The socio-economic implications of the coronavirus pandemic (covid-19): A review. International Journal of Surgery, 78, 185-193. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.04.018
Penagos-Londoñ o, G. I., Rodriguez-Sanchez, C., Ruiz-Moreno, F., & Torres, E. (2021). A machine learning approach to segmentation of tourists based on perceived destination sustainability and trustworthiness. Journal of Destination Marketing & Management, 19, 01-09. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jdmm.2020.100532
Phuc, H. N., & Nguyen, H. M. (2020). The importance of collaboration and emotional solidarity in residents’ support for sustainable urban tourism: Case study Ho Chi Minh City (Just Accepted). Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 1-20. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1831520
Ramkissoon, H. (2020). Covid-19 place conϐinement, pro-social, pro-environmental behaviors, and residents’ wellbeing: A new conceptual framework. Frontiers in Psychology, 11, 01-11. doi:https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2020.02248
Rothenbuhler, E.W., Mullen, L. J., DeLaurell, R., & Ryu, C. R. (1996). Communication, community attachment, and involvement. Journalism & Mass Communication Quarterly, 73(2), 445-466. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/107769909607300214
Schneider, C. R., Dryhurst, S., Kerr, J., Freeman, A. L., Recchia, G., Spiegelhalter, D., & van der Linden, S. (2021). COVID-19 risk perception: A longitudinal analysis of its predictors and associations with health protective behaviours in the United Kingdom. Journal of Risk Research, 24(3-4), 294-313. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2021.1890637
Scoones, I. (2007). Sustainability. Development in Practice, 17(4-5), 589-596. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09614520701469609
Seeler, S., Zacher, D., Pechlaner, H., & Thees, H. (2021). Tourists as reϐlexive agents of change: Proposing a conceptual framework towards sustainable consumption. Scandinavian Journal of Hospitality and Tourism, 21(5), 567-585. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/15022250.2021.1974543
Sharpley, R. (2020). Tourism, sustainable development and the theoretical divide: 20 years on. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 28(11), 1932-1946. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1779732
Sheller, M. (2021). Reconstructing tourism in the Caribbean: Connecting pandemic recovery, climate resilience and sustainable tourism through mobility justice. Journal of Sustainable Tourism, 29(9), 1436-1449. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09669582.2020.1791141
Shrivastava, P., & Berger, S. (2010). Sustainability principles: A review and directions. Organization Management Journal, 7(4), 246-261. doi:https://doi.org/10.1057/omj.2010.35
SHT, K. (2020). Impact of covid-19 on tourism industry: A review. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3JHr5mC
Siakwah, M. R. . L. L., P. (2020a). Tourism governance and attainment of the sustainable development goals in africa. Tourism Planning and Development, 17(4), 355–383. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1600160
Siakwah, P., Musavengane, R., & Leonard, L. (2020b). Tourism governance and attainment of the sustainable development goals in Africa. Tourism Planning & Development, 17(4), 355-383. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/21568316.2019.1600160
Sƽkare, M., Soriano, D. R., & Porada-Rochoń , M. (2021). Impact of COVID-19 on the travel and tourism industry. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 163, 800-805. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2020.120469
Sobaih, A. E. E., Elshaer, I., Hasanein, A. M., & Abdelaziz, A. S. (2021). Responses to covid-19: The role of performance in the relationship between small hospitality enterprises’ resilience and sustainable tourism development. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 94, 01-19.
Sohrabi, C., Alsaϐi, Z., O'neill, N., Khan, M., Kerwan, A., Al-Jabir, A., … Agha, R. (2020). World Health Organization declares global emergency: A review of the 2019 novel coronavirus (covid-19). International Journal of Surgery, 76, 71-76. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijsu.2020.02.034
Srivastava, P., Srivastav, S., Zhyber, T., & Hryzohlazov, D. (2021). Smart sustainability ranking system within local budgeting. Development, 19(4), 24-34. doi:https://doi.org/10.21511/ed.19(4).2020.03
Teti, M., Schatz, E., & Liebenberg, L. (2020). Methods in the time of covid-19: The vital role of qualitative inquiries. International Journal of Qualitative Methods, 19, 1-5. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1609406920920962
Theodori, G. L. (2001). Examining the effects of community satisfaction and attachment on individual well-being. Rural Sociology, 66(4), 618-628. doi:https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1549-0831.2001.tb00087.x
Tuan, V. K., & Rajagopal, P. (2019). Analyzing factors affecting tourism sustainable development towards Vietnam in the new era. European Journal of Business and Innovation Research, 7(1), 30-42.
WCED. (1987). World commission on environment and development. Our Common Future, 17(1), 1-91.
Wu, A., Peng, Y., Huang, B., Ding, X., Wang, X., Niu, P., … others (2020). Genome composition and divergence of the novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV) originating in China. Cell Host & Microbe, 27(3), 325-328. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chom.2020.02.001
Zharova, L., Raksha, N., Spitsyna, A., Karolop, O., & Mirzodaieva, T. (2021). After-covid development of services in the framework of sustainable development. Linguistics and Culture Review, 5(S4), 1693-1706. doi:https://doi.org/10.21744/lingcure.v5nS4.1850
Published
2021-09-29
How to Cite
Habib Ullah, Jawad Iqbal, & Shahzad Ali Gill. (2021). A Conceptual Framework for Sustainable Tourism during Pandemic COVID-19. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(2), 10-20. Retrieved from https://global-jws.com/ojs/index.php/global-jws/article/view/59
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Articles
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