Effects of Personal Growth and Emotional Intelligence on the Subjective Happiness of Undergraduates
Keywords:
Emotional Intelligence, Personal Growth Initiative, Subjective Happiness, Undergraduate
Abstract
This study investigated the effects of personal growth and emotional intelligence on the subjective happiness of under-graduates. The approach of this research was quantitative, and a cross-sectional research design was used in this study. A sample of 400 undergraduates was selected through random sampling technique from the University of Management and Technology, University of Central Punjab, Comsats University, and the University of Punjab. Three standardized instruments (including trait emotional intelligence questionnaire; personal growth initiative scale – II developed by and subjective happiness scale developed by were used to gather data. The demographic information of the students was also collected. There are strong effects of emotional intelligence and personal growth initiative on the subjective happiness of undergraduates. It was concluded that emotional intelligence and subjective happiness relatively fluctuate depending upon undergraduates' academic workload. This research itself effectively elucidates the importance of emotional intelligence, management of stress, and personal and emotional growth when it comes to determining the subjective happiness of individuals.
References
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Sahai, A., & Mahapatra, M. (2020). Subjective well-being at workplace: A review on its implications. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(11), 807-810. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.11.144
Tyng, C., Amin, H., Saad, M., & Malik, A. (2017). The influences of emotion on learning and memory. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-12. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454
Wen, Y., Chen, H., Pang, L., & Gu, X. (2020). The relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of chinese vocational college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 1-18. doi:10.3390/ijerph17124511
Wigtil, C. J., & Henriques, G. R. (2015). The relationship between intelligence and psychological well-being in incoming college students. Psychology of Well-Being, 5(1), 1-19. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13612-015-0029-8
Wolfe, K. (2019). Enhancing the emotional intelligence of students: Helping the critical few. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 19(3), 16--33. doi:https://doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v19i2.23750
Ye, J., Yeung, D. Y., Liu, E. S. C., & Rochelle, T. L. (2018). Sequential mediating effects of provided and received social support on trait emotional intelligence and subjective happiness: A longitudinal examination in (Hong Kong Chinese) university students. International Journal of Psychology, 54(4), 478-486. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12484
Anderson, E. C., Carleton, R. N., Diefenbach, M., & Han, P. K. (2019). The relationship between uncertainty and affect. Frontiers in Psychology, 10, -17. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2019.02504
Bar-On, R. (2005). The impact of emotional intelligence on subjective well-being. Perspectives in Education, 23(1), 41-62. doi:https://doi.org/10.9756/iajobhrm/v5i1/1810002
Bryant, S. E., & Malone, T. (2015). An empirical study of emotional intelligence and stress in college students. Business Education & Accreditation, 7(1), 1--11. de Freitas, C. P. P. , Damásio, B. F., Tobo, P. R., Kamei, H. H., & Koller, S. H. (2016). Systematic review about personal growth initiative. Anales de Psicología/Annals of Psychology, 32(3), 770-782. doi:https://doi.org/10.6018/analesps.32.3.219101
Furnham, A., & Petrides, K. (2003). Trait emotional intelligence and happiness. Social Behavior and Personality: An international Journal, 31(8), 815-823. doi:https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2003.31.8.815
Gallagher, E. N., & Vella-Brodrick, D. A. (2008). Social support and emotional intelligence as predictors of subjective well-being. Personality and Individual Differences, 44(7), 1551-1561. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2008.01.011
Geng, Y. (2018). Gratitude mediates the effect of emotional intelligence on subjective well-being: A structural equation modeling analysis. Journal of Health Psychology, 23(10), 1378-1386. doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1359105316677295
Goleman, D., & Boyatzis, R. (2017). Emotional intelligence has 12 elements. which do you need to work on. Harvard Business Review, 84(2), 1-5.
Gräbel, B. F. (2017). The relationship between wellbeing and academic achievement: A systematic review. Unpublished master dissertation, University of Twente, Enschede, Netherlands.
Guerra-Bustamante, J., del Barco, B. L., Yuste-Tosina, R., Ló pez-Ramos, V. M., & Mendo-Lázaro, S. (2019). Emotional intelligence and psychological well-being in adolescents. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 16(10), 1-12. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16101720
Jain, P., & Duggal, T. (2016). Emotional intelligence and employee engagement: Key to retention. Prastuti: Journal of Management & Research, 5(2), 62-67. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.51976/gla.prastuti.v5i2.521606
Jamal, H. (2018). The exploration of subjective well-being in the context of pakistan (MPRA paper no 87950 No. 87950). University Library of Munich, Germany.
Khan, A. (2015). Can self control influence subjective well being in life? (A) study assessing the dynamics and association between the constructs. Journal of Independent Studies and Research-Management, Social Sciences and Economics, 13(2), 23-34. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.31384/jisrmsse/2015.13.2.2
Kim-Prieto, C., & Eid, M. (2004). Norms for experiencing emotions. Journal of Happiness Studies, 5(3), 241-268. doi:https://doi.org/10.1007/s10531-004-8787-2
Kugbey, N., Atefoe, E. A., Anakwah, N., Nyarko, K., & Atindanbila, S. (2018). Emotional intelligence and personal growth initiative effects on subjective happiness among university students. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 28(4), 261-266. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2018.1501894
Lyubomirsky, S., & Lepper, H. S. (1999). A measure of subjective happiness: Preliminary reliability and construct validation. Social Indicators Research, 46(2), 137--155. doi:https://doi.org/10.1023/a:1006824100041
Martin, J. (2020). The use of emotional intelligence in 21st century organizations (In BSU Honors Program Theses and Projects. Item 337). Bridgewater, Massachusetts: Bridgewater State University.
Martins, A., Ramalho, N., & Morin, E. (2010). A comprehensive meta-analysis of the relationship between emotional intelligence and health. Personality and Individual Differences, 49(6), 554-564. doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.05.029
Murphy, M. H., Carlin, A., Woods, C., Nevill, A., MacDonncha, C., Ferguson, K., & Murphy, N. (2018). Active students are healthier and happier than their inactive peers: The results of a large representative cross-sectional study of university students in ireland. Journal of Physical Activity and Health, 15(10), 737-746. doi:https://doi.org/10.1123/jpah.2017-0432
Ngamaba, K. H. (2016). Happiness and life satisfaction in rwanda. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 26(5), 407-414. doi: https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1208930
Peltzer, K., & Pengpid, S. (2017). Dietary consumption and happiness and depression among university students: A cross-
national survey. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 27(4), 372-377. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2017.1347761
Peltzer, K., Pengpid, S., Sodi, T., & Mantilla Toloza, S. C. (2017). Happiness and health behaviours among university students from 24 low, middle and high income countries. Journal of Psychology in Africa, 27(1), 61-68. doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/14330237.2016.1219556
Reddy, K. J., Menon, K. R., & Thattil, A. (2018). Academic stress and its sources among university students. Biomedical and Pharmacology Journal, 11(1), 531-537. doi:https://doi.org/10.13005/bpj/1404
Robitschek, C., Ashton, M. W., Spering, C. C., Geiger, N., Byers, D., Schotts, G. C., & Thoen, M. A. (2012). Development and psychometric evaluation of the personal growth initiative scale–II. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 59(2), 274--287. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0027310
Ruiz-Aranda, D., Extremera, N., & Pineda-Galán, C. (2014). Emotional intelligence, life satisfaction and subjective happiness in female student health professionals: The mediating effect of perceived stress. Journal of Psychiatric and Mental Health Nursing, 21(2), 106-113. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1111/jpm.12052
Sahai, A., & Mahapatra, M. (2020). Subjective well-being at workplace: A review on its implications. Journal of Critical Reviews, 7(11), 807-810. doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.31838/jcr.07.11.144
Tyng, C., Amin, H., Saad, M., & Malik, A. (2017). The influences of emotion on learning and memory. Frontiers in Psychology, 8, 1-12. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2017.01454
Wen, Y., Chen, H., Pang, L., & Gu, X. (2020). The relationship between emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial self-efficacy of chinese vocational college students. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(12), 1-18. doi:10.3390/ijerph17124511
Wigtil, C. J., & Henriques, G. R. (2015). The relationship between intelligence and psychological well-being in incoming college students. Psychology of Well-Being, 5(1), 1-19. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1186/s13612-015-0029-8
Wolfe, K. (2019). Enhancing the emotional intelligence of students: Helping the critical few. Journal of the Scholarship of Teaching and Learning, 19(3), 16--33. doi:https://doi.org/10.14434/josotl.v19i2.23750
Ye, J., Yeung, D. Y., Liu, E. S. C., & Rochelle, T. L. (2018). Sequential mediating effects of provided and received social support on trait emotional intelligence and subjective happiness: A longitudinal examination in (Hong Kong Chinese) university students. International Journal of Psychology, 54(4), 478-486. doi:https://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ijop.12484
Published
2021-08-24
How to Cite
Komal Hassan, Noorum Ilyas, Shama Sadaf, & Ayesha Saeed. (2021). Effects of Personal Growth and Emotional Intelligence on the Subjective Happiness of Undergraduates. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(1), 18-25. Retrieved from https://global-jws.com/ojs/index.php/global-jws/article/view/44
Section
Articles
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