The Mediating Role of Interactivity between Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Enjoyment and Intention to Use Augmented Reality Application for Shopping
Abstract
Augmented Reality (AR) is a technology that adds digital data created in real-time by a computer to the physical world. Offering (virtual) items opens new and fascinating ways for customers to engage with the brand and its merchandise. While the augmented Reality (AR) technology market is forecasted to experience exponential growth by 2030, numerous businesses have already endeavoured to leverage the technology to extend their operations. However, prior literature still needs to document the empirical evidence of whether AR technology adoption will positively impact or improve consumers' shopping habits based on AR technology. The study assesses the gap statistically; this work uses a survey method to determine the causal influence of many augmented reality applications on university students. A suitable sample of executive students has been chosen to investigate influences on behavioural intentions through experiments. In conclusion, the perceived usefulness and enjoyment of AR will be notably high, with a retail focus that will influence users' behavioural intentions and encourage them to make purchases through AR apps. Interactivity was highly significant, mediating the influential effect of enjoyment, perceived usefulness, and behavioural intention to use AR shopping apps and, thus, determined to be a key driver
References
Abrar, K. (2018). Impact of augmented reality on consumer purchase intention with the mediating role of customer brand engagement: moderating role of interactivity in online shopping. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/331097309
Advances in global services and retail management: Volume 2. (2021). Anahei Publishing. https://doi.org/10.5038/9781955833035
Ahn, T., Ryu, S., & Han, I. (2004). The impact of the online and offline features on the user acceptance of Internet shopping malls. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 3(4), 405–420. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2004.05.001
Akdim, K., Casaló , L. V., & Flavián, C. (2022). The role of utilitarian and hedonic aspects in the continuance intention to use social mobile apps. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 66. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102888
Altmeyer, K., Kapp, S., Thees, M., Malone, S., Kuhn, J., & Brü nken, R. (2020). The use of augmented reality to foster conceptual knowledge acquisition in STEM laboratory courses—Theoretical background and empirical results. British Journal of Educational Technology. 51(3), 611–628. Blackwell Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1111/bjet.12900
Arghashi, V., & Yuksel, C. A. (2022). Interactivity, Inspiration, and Perceived Usefulness! How retailers' AR-apps improve consumer engagement through flow. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 64. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102756
ArmeliaWindasari, N., Shafira, N., & Budi Santoso, H. (2022). Multichannel Retailing in Beauty Product: Understanding Customer Purchase Decisions between Offline Stores, Websites, and Augmented Reality. Journal of Information Systems. 18(2).
Asif, M. U., Asad, M., Bhutta, N. A., & Khan, S. N. (2021). Leadership behaviour and sustainable leadership among higher education institutions of Pakistan. 2021 Sustainable Leadership and Academic Excellence International Conference (SLAE).
Baabdullah, A. M., Alsulaimani, A. A., Allamnakhrah, A., Alalwan, A. A., Dwivedi, Y. K., & Rana, N. P. (2022). Usage of augmented reality (AR) and development of e-learning outcomes: An empirical evaluation of students' e-learning experience. Computers and Education, 177. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.compedu.2021.104383
Ballantine, P. W., Fortin, D. R., Ballantine, P. W., & Fortin, D. R. (2010). The effects of interactivity and product information on consumers' emotional responses to an online retail setting. Psychology & Marketing, International Journal of Entrepreneurship.
Barta, S., Gurrea, R., & Flavián, C. (2023). Using augmented reality to reduce cognitive dissonance and increase purchase intention. Computers in Human Behavior, 140. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2022.107564
Baytar, F., Chung, T., & Shin, E. (2020). Evaluating garments in augmented reality when shopping online. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management, 24(4), 667–683. https://doi.org/10.1108/JFMM-05-2018-0077
Changa, H. J., Eckmanb, M., & Yanb, R. N. (2011). Application of the stimulus-organism-response model to the retail environment: The role of hedonic motivation in impulse buying behaviour. International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 21(3), 233–249. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2011.578798
Chaudhry, N. E., Subhani, W., & Nazir, M. U. (2023). Role of Techno-stress in Consumers' Behavioural Intention to use Augmented Reality Applications. Al-Qamar. 115-136.
Daassi, M., & Debbabi, S. (2021). Intention to reuse AR-based apps: The combined role of the sense of immersion, product presence and perceived realism. Information and Management, 58(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2021.103453
Davis, F. D., Bagozzi, R. P., & Warshaw, P. R. (1989). User acceptance of computer technology: A comparison of two theoretical models. Management Science, 35(8), 982–1003.
Egaji, O. A., Asghar, I., Griffiths, M. G., & Hinton, D. (2022). An augmented reality-based system for improving quality of services operations: a study of educational institutes. TQM Journal, 34(2), 330–354. https://doi.org/10.1108/TQM-07-2021-0218
Fajriyah, L., Maarif, M. S., & Santoso, Moch. H. (2023). Determine Factors in The Use of Syariah Banking Mobile Apps Case Study in Bank Syariah Indonesia. Business Review and Case Studies. https://doi.org/10.17358/brcs.4.1.39
Falahatgar, S., Chamanzamin, M. R., & Taleghani, M. (2021). the effect of competitive advantage strategies on customer loyalty: mediated role of brand identification and brand awareness (case study: Parsian insurance customers). Journal of System Management (JSM) 7(4), 229–252.
Fan, X., Chai, Z., Deng, N., & Dong, X. (2020). Adoption of augmented reality in online retailing and consumers' product attitude: A cognitive perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101986
Faqih, K. M. S. (2022). Factors influencing the behavioural intention to adopt a technological innovation from a developing country context: The case of mobile augmented reality games. Technology in Society, 69. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techsoc.2022.101958
Feng, Y., & Xie, Q. (2019). Ad creativity via augmented reality technology in online video ads: the differential role of novelty, message usefulness, and ad-consumer association. Journal of Promotion Management, 25(6), 907–933. https://doi.org/10.1080/10496491.2018.1536624
Furquan Saleem, M., Asim, M., & Ahmed Chandio, J. (2022). Effect of augmented reality advertising on purchase intention. Journal of Marketing Strategies (JMS), 4(1). https://doi.org/10.52633/jms.v3i3.164
Garcı́a-Pereira, I., Portalés, C., Gimeno, J., & Casas, S. (2020). A collaborative augmented reality annotation tool for the inspection of prefabricated buildings. Multimedia Tools and Applications, 79(9–10), 6483–6501. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11042-019-08419-x
Hinsch, C., Felix, R., & Rauschnabel, P. A. (2020). Nostalgia beats the wow-effect: Inspiration, awe and meaningful associations in augmented reality marketing. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101987
Holdack, E., Lurie-Stoyanov, K., & Fromme, H. F. (2022). The role of perceived enjoyment and perceived informativeness in assessing the acceptance of AR wearables. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 65. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2020.102259
Hsu, S. H. Y., Tsou, H. T., & Chen, J. S. (2021). "Yes, we do. Why not use augmented reality?" customer responses to experiential presentations of AR-based applications. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 62. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102649
Huang, G., & Ren, Y. (2020). Linking technological functions of fitness mobile apps with continuance usage among Chinese users: The moderating role of exercise self-efficacy. Computers in Human Behavior, 103, 151–160. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.09.013
Islam, M. R., & Mazumder, T. A. (2010). Mobile Application and Its Global Impact. International Journal of Engineering & Technology IJET-IJENS, 10.
Jaishankar, K. (2020). Non commercial-share alike 4.0 International (CC BY-NC-SA 4.0). https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.3792776/IJCJS
Javed, A. (2020). Prospects and problems for E-commerce in Pakistan, 2(1). https://www.sbp.org.pk/ecodata/index2.asp
Jung, J., Park, E., Moon, J., & Lee, W. S. (2021). Exploration of sharing accommodation platform airbnb using an extended technology acceptance model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(3), 1–16. https://doi.org/10.3390/su13031185
Kazmi, S. H. A., Ahmed, R. R., Soomro, K. A., Hashem E, A. R., Akhtar, H., & Parmar, V. (2021). Role of augmented reality in changing consumer behaviour and decision making: Case of Pakistan. Sustainability (Switzerland), 13(24). https://doi.org/10.3390/su132414064
Khalil, M., & Khan, S. (2019). A study on the effect of supply chain management practices on organizational performance with the mediating role of innovation in SMEs. Uncertain Supply Chain Management, 7(2), 179-190.
Khan, S. N., Anjum, K., Baig, F. J., Afzal, C. M., & Asghar, R. N. (2022). Role of microfinance on women entrepreneurship leads to decrease in poverty: evidence from the rural area of south Punjab. Competitive Social Science Research Journal, 3(1), 147-160.
Khan, S. N., Hussain, R. I., Maqbool, M. Q., Ali, E. I. E., & Numan, M. (2019). The mediating role of innovation between corporate governance and organizational performance: Moderating role of innovative culture in Pakistan textile sector. Cogent Business & Management.
Khan, S. N., Yaseen, M. N., Mustafa, F., & Abbasi, S. (2019). The interaction effect of financial leverage on the relationship between board attributes and firm performance; Evidence of non-financial listed companies of Pakistan. Journal of Accounting and Finance in Emerging Economies, 5(1), 115-122.
Kim, J. H., Kim, M., Park, M., & Yoo, J. (2023). Immersive interactive technologies and virtual shopping experiences: Differences in consumer perceptions between augmented reality (AR) and virtual reality (VR). Telematics and Informatics, 77. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tele.2022.101936
Kim, J. H., & Park, J.W. (2019). The effect of airport self-service characteristics on passengers' perceived value, satisfaction, and behavioural intention: Based on the SOR model. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(19). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11195352
Kowalczuk, P. , Siepmann (née Scheiben), C., & Adler, J. (2021). Cognitive, affective, and behavioural consumer responses to augmented reality in e-commerce: A comparative study. Journal of Business Research, 124, 357–373.https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.10.050
Kumar, H., Gupta, P., & Chauhan, S. (2023). Meta-analysis of augmented reality marketing. Marketing Intelligence and Planning, 41(1), 110–123. https://doi.org/10.1108/MIP-06-2022-0221
Keramopoulos, E., Diamantaras, K., & Evangelidis, G. (2022). Augmented Reality and Gamification in Education: A Systematic Literature Review of Research, Applications, and Empirical Studies. Applied Sciences, 12(13). MDPI. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12136809
Lee, H. H., Kim, J., & Fiore, A. M. (2010). Affective and cognitive online shopping experience: Effects of image interactivity technology and experimenting with appearance. Clothing and Textiles ResearchJournal, 28(2), 140–154. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887302X09341586
Lee, J. M., Lee, B., & Rha, J. Y. (2019). Determinants of mobile payment usage and the moderating effect of gender: Extending the UTAUT model with privacy risk. International Journal of Electronic Commerce Studies, 10(1), 43–64. https://doi.org/10.7903/ijecs.1644
Liu, C. H., Chen, Y. T., Kittikowit, S., Hongsuchon, T., & Chen, Y. J. (2022). Using unified theory of acceptance and use of technology to evaluate the impact of a mobile payment app on the shopping intention and usage behavior of middle-aged customers. Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.830842
Ló pez, I., & Ruiz, S. (2011). Explaining website effectiveness: The hedonic-utilitarian dual mediation hypothesis. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 10(1), 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2010.04.003
Makhitha, K. M., & Ngobeni, K. (2021). The influence of demographic factors on perceived risks affecting attitude towards online shopping. SA Journal of Information Management, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.4102/sajim.v23i1.1283
McLean, G., & Wilson, A. (2019). Shopping in the digital world: Examining customer engagement through augmented reality mobile applications. Computers in Human Behavior. 101, 210–224. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2019.07.002
Nhan, V. K., Tam, L. T., Dung, H. T., & Vu, N. T. (2022). A conceptual model for studying the immersive mobile augmented reality applicationenhanced experience. Heliyon, 8(8). Elsevier Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2022.e10141
Noghabaei, M., Heydarian, A., Balali, V., & Han, K. (2020). Trend analysis on the adoption of virtual and augmented reality in the architecture, engineering, and construction industry. Data, 5(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/data5010026
Oyman, M., Bal, D., & Ozer, S. (2022). Extending the technology acceptance model to explain how perceived augmented reality affects consumers' perceptions. Computers in Human Behavior, 128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chb.2021.107127
Pandey, S., & Chawla, D. (2019). Engaging m-commerce adopters in India: Exploring the two ends of the adoption continuum across four m-commerce categories. Journal of Enterprise Information Management, 32(1), 191–210. https://doi.org/10.1108/JEIM-06-2018-0109
Pantano, E., Rese, A., & Baier, D. (2017). Enhancing the online decision-making process by using augmented reality: A two country comparison of youth markets. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 38, 81–95. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2017.05.011
Park, M., & Yoo, J. (2020). Effects of perceived interactivity of augmented reality on consumer responses: A mental imagery perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 52. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.101912
Poushneh, A., & Vasquez-Parraga, A. Z. (2017). Discernible impact of augmented reality on retail customer's experience, satisfaction and willingness to buy. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 34, 229–234. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2016.10.005
Qin, H., Osatuyi, B., & Xu, L. (2021). How mobile augmented reality applications affect continuous use and purchase intentions: A cognitionaffect-conation perspective. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 63. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2021.102680
Rauschnabel, P. A. (2021). Augmented reality is eating the real-world! The substitution of physical products by holograms. International Journal of Information Management, 57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijinfomgt.2020.102279
Rauschnabel, P. A., Felix, R., & Hinsch, C. (2019). Augmented reality marketing: How mobile AR-apps can improve brands through inspiration. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 49, 43–53. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2019.03.004
Rese, A., Baier, D., Geyer-Schulz, A., & Schreiber, S. (2017). How augmented reality apps are accepted by consumers: A comparative analysis using scales and opinions. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 124, 306–319. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2016.10.010
Richter, T. , Raška, K., & Laurell, C. (2017). The IKEA Case Influence of Augmented Reality on Purchase Intention Title: Influence of Augmented Reality on Purchase Intention: The IKEA Case.
Roxo, M. T., & Brito, P. Q. (2020). "I see myself; therefore I purchase": factors influencing consumer attitudes towards m-commerce AR apps.
Saleem, M., Kamarudin, S., Shoaib, H. M., & Nasar, A. (2021). Influence of augmented reality app on intention towards e-learning amidst COVID-19 pandemic. Interactive Learning Environments. https://doi.org/10.1080/10494820.2021.1919147
Saleem, M., Kamarudin, S., Shoaib, H. M., & Nasar, A. (2022). Retail Consumers' Behavioral Intention to Use Augmented Reality Mobile Apps in Pakistan. Journal of Internet Commerce, 21(4), 497–525. https://doi.org/10.1080/15332861.2021.1975427
Saprikis, V., Avlogiaris, G., & Katarachia, A. (2021). Determinants of the intention to adopt mobile augmented reality apps in shopping malls among university students. Journal of Theoretical and Applied Electronic Commerce Research, 16(3), 491–512. https://doi.org/10.3390/jtaer16030030
Shin, H. H., & Jeong, M. (2021). Travelers' motivations to adopt augmented reality (AR) applications in a tourism destination. Journal of Hospitality and Tourism Technology, 12(2), 389–405. https://doi.org/10.1108/JHTT-08-2018-0082
Smink, A. R., van Reijmersdal, E. A., van Noort, G., & Neijens, P. C. (2020). Shopping in augmented reality: The effects of spatial presence, personalization and intrusiveness on app and brand responses. Journal of Business Research, 118, 474–485. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2020.07.018
Somthawinpongsai, C., Tho-Ard, M., Watcharinrat, D., Junngam, B., & Khalid, R. (2021). The Impact of Social Media Fatigue and Fear through the moderation of Exhaustions on Techno stress.
Subhani, W., Rehman, M., & Baig, W. (2023). Technology Acceptance in Public Sector Universities: A Case Study of University of the Punjab. Journal of Social Sciences Review, 3(2), 144–154. https://doi.org/10.54183/jssr.v3i2.76
Sudharshan, D. (2020). Augmented Reality. In Marketing in Customer Technology Environments. Emerald Publishing Limited.97–140 https://doi.org/10.1108/978-1-83909-600-620201006
Sung, E., Han, D. I. D., & Choi, Y. K. (2022). Augmented reality advertising via a mobile app. Psychology and Marketing, 39(3), 543–558. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.21632
Tang, K. S., Cheng, D. L., Mi, E., & Greenberg, P. B. (2019). Augmented reality in medical education: a systematic review. Canadian Medical Education Journal. https://doi.org/10.36834/cmej.61705
Tiwari, S., Gupta, S. K., Hassan, A., & Gupta, P. (2023). Moderating effect of technologies into behavioural intensions of tourists toward use of mobile wallets for digital payments tam model perspective moderating effect of technologies into behavioural intensions of tourists toward use of mobile wallets for digital payments: TAM Model perspective. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/367665726
Venkatesh, V., Smith, R. H., Morris, M. G., Davis, G. B., Davis, F. D., & Walton, S. M. (2012). Quarterly user acceptance of information technology: toward a unified view.
Wang, Y., Ko, E., & Wang, H. (2022). Augmented Reality (AR) app use in the beauty product industry and consumer purchase intention. Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 34(1), 110–131. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-11-2019-0684
Wang, Q., Khan, S., Sajjad, M., Sarki, I., & Yaseen, M. (2023). Mediating role of entrepreneurial work-related strains and work engagement among job demand–resource model and success. Sustainability.
Watson, A., Alexander, B., & Salavati, L. (2020). The impact of experiential augmented reality applications on fashion purchase intention. International Journal of Retail and Distribution Management, 48(5), 433–451. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJRDM-06-2017-0117
Yadav, A. (2020). Digital shopping behaviour: Influence of augmented reality in social media for online shopping. http://www.jmrr.org
Yim, M. Y. C., Chu, S. C., & Sauer, P. L. (2017). Is augmented reality technology an effective tool for e-commerce? an interactivity and vividness perspective. Journal of Interactive Marketing, 39, 89–103. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intmar.2017.04.001
Yoo, J. (2023). The effects of augmented reality on consumer responses in mobile shopping: The moderating role of task complexity. Heliyon, 9(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.heliyon.2023.e13775
Zhang, Z., Ye, B., Qiu, Z., Zhang, H., & Yu, C. (2022). Does technostress increase R&D employees' knowledge hiding in the digital era? Frontiers in Psychology, 13. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2022.873846
Zhao, L., Tian, L., Cai, T., Claggett, B., & Wei, L. J. (2013). Effectively selecting a target population for a future comparative study. Journal of the American Statistical Association, 108(502), 527–539. https://doi.org/10.1080/01621459.2013.770705
Zimmermann, R., Mora, D., Cirqueira, D., Helfert, M., Bezbradica, M., Werth, D., Jonas Weitzl, W., Riedl, R., & Auinger, A. (2022). Enhancing brick-and-mortar store shopping experience with an augmented reality shopping assistant application using personalized recommendations and explainable artificial intelligence enhancing brick-and-mortar shopping experience. https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.4723468
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.