Impact of Vitality on Job Performance, Male versus Female: An Empirical Study of the IT Sector of Pakistan

  • Imran Akbar Saifi University of Management & Technology Lahore, Pakistan
  • Prof. Dr. Abu Bakar Abdul Hamid Putra Business School, Malaysia
  • Dr. Waqas Farooq University of the Punjab, Lahore, Pakistan
Keywords: Vitality, Job Performance, Male, Female, Gender

Abstract

Vitality is concerned with motivation, opportunity, and engagement. The objectives of this study are first to analyze the relationship between vitality and job performance, and secondly, whether male and female employees differ concerning self-reported vitality and job performance working in the IT sector of Pakistan. Lastly, the impact of vitality on job performance is the same on both genders, or it differs. Data were collected from IT professionals working in different IT-sector companies using a self-administered structured questionnaire. The results identified a significant relationship between vitality and job performance. Self-reported job performance differs for males and females, whereas no difference was found in vitality. The novelty of this study was the impact of vitality on job performance that was different for males and females. The findings of this study have significant implications for managers in the IT sector. Furthermore, limitations and future directions are discussed, addressing the issues of vitality and job performance based on gender.

References

Amjad, S. (2018). Emotional intelligence, organizational commitment and job performance in Pakistan. Market Forces, 13(1), 56-69.

Campbell, J. P., & Wiernik, B. M. (2015). The modeling and assessment of work performance. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 2, 47-74. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032414-111427

Carver, R., & Nash, J. (2008). Doing Data Analysis with SPSS: Version 16.0. India: Cengage Learning.

Chiang, F., Low, A., & Collins, J. (2013). Two sets of business cards: Responses of Chinese immigrant women entrepreneurs in Canada and Australia to sexism and racism. Cosmopolitan Civil Societies: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 5(2), 63-83. https://doi.org/10.5130/ccs.v5i2.3117

Clark, S. M., Boyer, C. M., & Corcoran, M. (1985). Faculty and institutional vitality in higher education. Faculty vitality and institutional productivity: Critical perspectives for higher education, 3-24.

Cowen, E. L. (1994). The enhancement of psychological wellness: Challenges and opportunities. American journal of community psychology, 22(2), 149-179. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02506861

Dankoski, M. E., Palmer, M. M., Laird, T. F. N., Ribera, A. K., & Bogdewic, S. P. (2012). An expanded model of faculty vitality in academic medicine. Advances in health sciences education, 17(5), 633-649. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10459-011-9339-7

Diener, E. (1984). Subjective well-being. Psychological bulletin, 95(3), 542-575. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.95.3.542

Eagly, A. H. (2013). Sex differences in social behavior: A social-role interpretation. Hillside, NJ: Psychology Press. https://doi.org/10.4324/9780203781906

Elahi, N. S., Abid, G., Arya, B., & Farooqi, S. (2020). Workplace behavioral antecedents of job performance: Mediating role of thriving. The Service Industries Journal, 40(11-12), 755-776. https://doi.org/10.1080/02642069.2019.1638369

Finkelstein, J. (1996). Faculty vitality in higher education. Integrating research on faculty: Seeking new ways to communicate about the academic life of faculty, 71-80.

Hair, J. F., Black, W. C., Babin, B. J., Anderson, R. E., & Tatham, R. L. (2010). Multivariate Data Analysis. A Global Perspective (7 ed.). Upper Saddle River, NJ: Prentice Hall. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jmva.2009.12.014

Halbesleben, J. R., Neveu, J.-P., Paustian-Underdahl, S. C., & Westman, M. (2014). Getting to the “COR” understanding the role of resources in conservation of resources theory. Journal of Management, 40(5), 1334-1364. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206314527130

Hobfoll, S. E. (1989). Conservation of resources: A new attempt at conceptualizing stress. American psychologist, 44(3), 513-524. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.44.3.513

Hobfoll, S. E., Halbesleben, J., Neveu, J.-P., & Westman, M. (2018). Conservation of resources in the organizational context: The reality of resources and their consequences. Annual Review of Organizational Psychology and Organizational Behavior, 5, 103-128. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev-orgpsych-032117-104640

Hosseini, Z. (2018). The impact of flexible contracts and job insecurity on vitality and productivity. (MS Thesis. Work and Organisational Psychology), Utrecht University Repository, Retrieved from dspace.library.uu.nl (5506832)

Imam, S., Javed, T., & Sciences, S. (2019). Job security, organizational support and employee performance: the mediating role of employee satisfaction in medical sector of Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business & Social Sciences, 9(3), 1250-1268. https://doi.org/10.6007/IJARBSS/v9-i3/5793

Jackson, S. P. (2000). An Environmental Assessment of Community College Faculty Satisfaction. (Ed.D. dissertation), University of Central Florida, United States -- Florida, Retrieved from ProQuest Digital Dissertations database. (Publication No. AAT 9977815)

Jamal, M. (2016). Job stress and job performance relationship in a challenge-hindrance model of stress: An empirical examination in the Middle East. Pakistan Journal of Commerce Social Sciences, 10(3), 404-418.

Jex, S. M., & Britt, T. W. (2014). Organizational psychology: A scientist-practitioner approach. New York: John Wiley & Sons.

Jiang, K., Liu, D., McKay, P. F., Lee, T. W., & Mitchell, T. R. (2012). When and how is job embeddedness predictive of turnover? A meta-analytic investigation. Journal of applied psychology, 97(5), 1077-1096. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0028610

Kakar, S. (2002). Gender and police officers’ perceptions of their job performance: An analysis of the relationship between gender and perceptions of job performance. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 13(3), 238-256. https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403402133003 https://doi.org/10.1177/0887403402013003003

Malik, S. Z., & Macintosh, R. (2015). Role of Energizing Relationships in Creating Subjective Vitality and Goal Commitment in UK Academics. Journal of Research, 9(1), 62-74.

Morrison, E. W. (1994). Role Definitions and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Importance of the

Employee's Perspective. Academy of Management Journal, 37(6), 1543-1567. https://doi.org/10.5465/256798 https://doi.org/10.2307/256798

Motowidlo, S. J., Lievens, F., & Ghosh, K. (2018). Prosocial implicit trait policies underlie performance on different situational judgment tests with interpersonal content. Human Performance, 31(4), 238-254. https://doi.org/10.1080/08959285.2018.1523909

Nienhuis, R. W. (1994). Satisfied Faculty and Involved Chairpersons: Keys to Faculty Retention. ASHE Annual Meeting Paper. ERIC Retrieved August 19th, 2019, from Association for the study of higher education (ASHE) https://files.eric.ed.gov/fulltext/ED375735.pdf

Op den Kamp, E. M., Tims, M., Bakker, A. B., & Demerouti, E. (2018). Proactive vitality management in the work context: Development and validation of a new instrument. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 27(4), 493-505. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2018.1483915

Podsakoff, P. M., MacKenzie, S. B., Lee, J.-Y., & Podsakoff, N. P. (2003). Common method biases in behavioral research: a critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. Journal of applied psychology, 88(5), 879. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.88.5.879

Roth, P. L., Purvis, K. L., & Bobko, P. (2012). A meta-analysis of gender group differences for measures of job performance in field studies. Journal of Management, 38(2), 719-739. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206310374774

Rotundo, M., & Sackett, P. R. (2002). The relative importance of task, citizenship, and counterproductive performance to global ratings of job performance: A policy-capturing approach. Journal of applied psychology, 87(1), 66-80. https://doi.org/10.1037/0021-9010.87.1.66

Ryan, R. M., & Frederick, C. (1997). On energy, personality, and health: Subjective vitality as a dynamic reflection of well‐being. Journal of personality, 65(3), 529-565. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-6494.1997.tb00326.x

Smith, D. K. (1978). Faculty Vitality and the Management of University Personnel Policies. New Directions for Institutional Research, 5(4), 1-16. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.37019782003

Sonnentag, S., Volmer, J., & Spychala, A. (2008). Job performance. The Sage handbook of organizational behavior, 1, 427-447. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781849200448.n24

Soomro, S. K., & Hafeez, M. (2020). Workplace politics and employee’s job performance: Mediating role of job stress, evidence from degree-awarding institutions of Sindh, Pakistan. International Journal of Psychosocial Rehabilitation, 24(04), 6436-6448. https://doi.org/10.37200/IJPR/V24I4/PR2020453

Tummers, L., Steijn, B., Nevicka, B., & Heerema, M. (2018). The effects of leadership and job autonomy on vitality: Survey and experimental evidence. Review of public personnel administration, 38(3), 355-377. https://doi.org/10.1177/0734371X16671980

Wegman, L. A., Hoffman, B. J., Carter, N. T., Twenge, J. M., & Guenole, N. (2018). Placing job characteristics in context: Cross-temporal meta-analysis of changes in job characteristics since 1975. Journal of Management, 44(1), 352-386. https://doi.org/10.1177/0149206316654545

Williams, L. J., & Anderson, S. E. (1991). Job satisfaction and organizational commitment as predictors of organizational citizenship and in-role behaviors. Journal of Management, 17(3), 601-617. https://doi.org/10.1177/014920639101700305

Zeb, A., ur Rehman, F., Imran, M., Ali, M., & Almansoori, R. G. (2020). Authentic leadership traits, high-performance human resource practices and job performance in Pakistan. International Journal of Public Leadership, 16(3), 299-317. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJPL-02-2020-0011

Chong, C. Y., & Lee, T. S. (2017). Employee retention and job performance attributes in private institutions of higher education. International Journal of Business and Administrative Studies, 3(5), 158-165. https://doi.org/10.20469/ijbas.3.10001-5

Nucharee, S., & Teeradej, P. (2019). Roles of expectancy on employee engagement and Job performance. Journal of Administrative and Business Studies, 5(2), 88-98. https://doi.org/10.20474/jabs-5.2.3

Published
2021-11-10
How to Cite
Imran Akbar Saifi, Prof. Dr. Abu Bakar Abdul Hamid, & Dr. Waqas Farooq. (2021). Impact of Vitality on Job Performance, Male versus Female: An Empirical Study of the IT Sector of Pakistan. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 5(5), 40-49. https://doi.org/10.33152/jmphss-5.5.5
Section
Articles