Exploring the Factors Affecting the Online and Offline Impulse Buying Behaviour of the Millennium Generation
Abstract
The study aims to explore various elements that affect the impulse buying behaviour of the millennial generation during online and offline purchasing. In this study, data was collected through semi-structured interviews with nine respondents and analyzed through thematic analysis. Results indicate that during offline purchasing attractive product display increases the likelihood of impulse buying, and crowd affects impulse buying both negatively and positively. Physical assessment of the product appeared as the main reason for doing the offline shopping. While on the other hand in a virtual environment, ease of transition increases the likelihood of impulse purchases. The results further disclose that individuals are engaged in buying impulsively without thinking about their economic condition and they do extra purchases when their mood is not good and when they are with friends
References
Ahn, T., Ryu, S. & Han, I. (2007). The impact of web quality and playfulness on user acceptance of online retailing. Information & Management, 44(3), 263-275. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.12.008
Ailawadi, K. L., Beauchamp, J., Donthu, N., Gauri, D. K. & Shankar, V. (2009). Communication and promotion decisions in retailing: A review and directions for future research. Journal of Retailing, 85(1), 42-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretai.2008.11.002
Aribarg, A., Arora, N. & Bodur, H. O. (2002). Understanding the role of preference revision and concession in group decisions. Journal of Marketing Research, 39(3), 336-349. https://doi.org/10.1509/jmkr.39.3.336.19105
Armstrong, G. (2009). Marketing: An introduction. Essex, England: Pearson Education.
Atici, B. & Bati, U. (2010). Impulse purchasing behaviours of the Turkish consumers in websites as a dynamic consumer model: Technology products example. International Journal of Advanced Corporate Learning (iJAC), 3(4), 6-12. https://doi.org/10.3991/ijac.v3i4.1393
Badgaiyan, A. J. & Verma, A. (2015). Does urge to buy impulsively differ from impulsive buying behaviour? Assessing the impact of situational factors. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, 145-157. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.10.002
Baumeister, R. F. (2002). Yielding to temptation: Self-control failure, impulsive purchasing, and consumer behaviour. Journal of Consumer Research, 28(4), 670-676. https://doi.org/10.1086/338209
Beatty, S. & Ferrell, A. E. (1998). Impulse buying: Modeling its precursors. Journal of Retailing, 74(2), 169-191. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0022-4359(99)80092-X
Bourlakis, M., Mamalis, S. & Sangster, J. Planned versus unplanned grocery shopping behaviour: An empirical study. Distance Learning and Web Engineering, 2005, 1-6.
Bressolles, G., Durrieu, F. & Giraud, M. (2007). The impact of electronic service quality's dimensions on customer satisfaction and buying impulse. Journal of Customer Behaviour, 6(1), 37-56. https://doi.org/10.1362/147539207X198365
Chang, H.-J., Eckman, M. & Yan, R.-N. (2011). Application of the stimulus-organism-response model to the retail environment: The role of hedonic motivation in impulse buying behaviour. The International Review of Retail, Distribution and Consumer Research, 21(3), 233-249. https://doi.org/10.1080/09593969.2011.578798
Childers, T. L. & Rao, A. R. (1992). The influence of familial and peer-based reference groups on consumer decisions. Journal of Consumer Research, 198-211. https://doi.org/10.1086/209296
Cho, J. & Lee, J. (2006). An integrated model of risk and risk-reducing strategies. Journal of Business Research, 59(1), 112-120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2005.03.006
Clover, V. T. (1950). Relative importance of impulse-buying in retail stores. The Journal of Marketing, 15(1), 66-70. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224295001500110
Cobb, C. J. & Hoyer, W. D. (1986). Planned versus impulse purchase behaviour. Journal of retailing, 62(4).
Corbitt, B. J., Thanasankit, T. & Yi, H. (2003). Trust and e-commerce: A study of consumer perceptions. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 2(3), 203-215. https://doi.org/10.1016/S1567-4223(03)00024-3
Dawson, S. & Kim, M. (2009). External and internal trigger cues of impulse buying online. Direct Marketing: An International Journal, 3(1), 20-34. https://doi.org/10.1108/17505930910945714
Dawson, S. & Kim, M. (2010). Cues on apparel web sites that trigger impulse purchases. Journal of Fashion Marketing and Management: An International Journal, 14(2), 230-246. https://doi.org/10.1108/13612021011046084
Dittmar, H., Beattie, J. & Friese, S. (1996). Objects, decision considerations and self-image in men's and women's impulse purchases. Acta Psychologica, 93(1), 187-206. https://doi.org/10.1016/0001-6918(96)00019-4
Duarte, P., Raposo, M. & Ferraz, M. (2013). Drivers of snack foods impulse buying behaviour among young consumers. British Food Journal, 115(9), 1233-1254. https://doi.org/10.1108/BFJ-10-2011-0272
Edwards, S. & Shackley, M. (1992). Measuring the effectiveness of retail window display as an element of the marketing mix. International Journal of Advertising, 11(3), 193-202. https://doi.org/10.1080/02650487.1992.11104494
Eroglu, S. & Harrell, G. D. (1986). Retail crowding: Theoretical and strategic implications. Journal of Retailing, 346-363.
Eroglu, S. A., Machleit, K. A. & Davis, L. M. (2003). Empirical testing of a model of online store atmospherics and shopper responses. Psychology & Marketing, 20(2), 139-150. https://doi.org/10.1002/mar.10064
Eroglu, S. A., Machleit, K. & Barr, T. F. (2005). Perceived retail crowding and shopping satisfaction: The role of shopping values. Journal of Business Research, 58(8), 1146-1153. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2004.01.005
Ef thier, J., Hadaya, P. , Talbot, J. & Cadieux, J. (2006). B2c web site quality and emotions during online shopping episodes: An empirical study. Information & Management, 43(5), 627-639. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2006.03.004
Foroughi, A., Buang, N. A. & Sadeghi, R. H. M. (2012). Exploring the influnce of situational factors (money & time avialable) on impulse buying behaviour among different etthics. International. Journal of Fundamental. Psychology & Social Science, 2(2), 41-44.
Forsythe, S. M. & Shi, B. (2003). Consumer patronage and risk perceptions in internet shopping. Journal of Business Research, 56(11), 867-875. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(01)00273-9
Hausman, A. (2000). A multi-method investigation of consumer motivations in impulse buying behaviour. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 17(5), 403-426. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760010341045
Huang, Y.-F. & Kuo, F.-Y. (2012). How impulsivity affects consumer decision-making in e-commerce. Electronic Commerce Research and Applications, 11(6), 582-590. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.elerap.2012.09.004
Hui, M. K. & Bateson, J. E. (1991). Perceived control and the effects of crowding and consumer choice on the service experience. Journal of Consumer Research, 18(2), 174-184. https://doi.org/10.1086/209250
Hultén, P. & Vanyushyn, V. (2014). Promotion and shoppers' impulse purchases: The example of clothes. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 31(2), 94-102. https://doi.org/10.1108/JCM-06-2013-0603
Jeffrey, S. A. & Hodge, R. (2007). Factors influencing impulse buying during an online purchase. Electronic Commerce Research, 7(3-4), 367-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10660-007-9011-8
Kacen, J. J., Hess, J. D. & Walker, D. (2012). Spontaneous selection: The influence of product and retailing factors on consumer impulse purchases. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 19(6), 578-588. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2012.07.003
Kerfoot, S., Davies, B. & Ward, P. (2003). Visual merchandising and the creation of discernible retail brands. International Journal of Retail & Distribution Management, 31(3), 143-152. https://doi.org/10.1108/09590550310465521
Kiran, V., Majumdar, M. & Kishore, K. (2012). Innovation in in-store promotions: Effects on consumer purchase decision. European Journal of Business and Management, 4(9), 36-44.
Kumar, S. & Mishra, B. (2012). What drives impulse buying? International Journal of Management Sciences, 1(2), 562-567.
Lades, L. K. (2014). Impulsive consumption and reflexive thought: Nudging ethical consumer behaviour. Journal of Economic Psychology, 41, 114-128. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.joep.2013.01.003
Lavie, T. & Tractinsky, N. (2004). Assessing dimensions of perceived visual aesthetics of web sites. International Journal of HumanComputer Studies, 60(3), 269-298. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijhcs.2003.09.002
Liao, S. L., Shen, Y. C. & Chu, C. H. (2009). The effects of sales promotion strategy, product appeal and consumer traits on reminder impulse buying behaviour. International Journal of Consumer Studies, 33(3), 274-284. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1470-6431.2009.00770.x
Lin, P.-C. & Lin, Z.-H. (2013). Buying impulse triggered by digital media. The Service Industries Journal, 33(9-10), 892-908. https://doi.org/ 10.1080/02642069.2013.719887
Lindstrom, M. (2005). Brand sense: How to build powerful brands through touch, taste, smell, sight & sound. London, Uk: Kogan Page Publishers. https://doi.org/10.1108/sd.2006.05622bae.001
Liu, Y., Li, H. & Hu, F. (2013). Website attributes in urging online impulse purchase: An empirical investigation on consumer perceptions. Journal of Decision Support Systems, 55(3), 829-837. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.dss.2013.04.001
Luo, X. (2005). How does shopping with others influence impulsive purchasing? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 15(4), 288-294. https:// doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp1504_3
Machleit, K. A., Eroglu, S. A. & Mantel, S. P. (2000). Perceived retail crowding and shopping satisfaction: What modifies this relationship? Journal of Consumer Psychology, 9(1), 29-42. https://doi.org/10.1207/s15327663jcp0901_3
Madhavaram, S. R. & Laverie, D. A. (2004). Exploring impulse purchasing on the internet. Advances in Consumer Research, 31(1), 59-66.
Masouleh, S., Pazhang, M. & Moradi, J. (2012). What is impulse buying? An analytical network processing framework for prioritizing factors affecting impulse buying. Management Science Letters, 2(4), 1053-1064. https://doi.org/10.5267/j.msl.2012.03.016
Mattila, A. S. & Wirtz, J. (2008). The role of store environmental stimulation and social factors on impulse purchasing. Journal of Services Marketing, 22(7), 562-567. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876040810909686
Mehta, N. & Chugan, P. K. (2013). The impact of visual merchandising on impulse buying behaviour of consumer: A case from central mall of ahmedabad india. Universal Journal of Management, 1(2), 76-8. https://doi.org/10.13189/ujm.2013.010206
Michon, R., Chebat, J.-C. & Turley, L. W. (2005). Mall atmospherics: The interaction effects of the mall environment on shopping behaviour. Journal of Business Research, 58(5), 576-583. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2003.07.004
Moayery, M., Zamani, S. & Vazifehdoost, H. (2014). Effect of visual merchandising on apparel impulse buying behaviours among iranian young adult females. Indian Journal of Science and Technology, 7(3), 360. https://doi.org/10.17485/ijst/2014/v7i3.9
Mohan, G., Sivakumaran, B. & Sharma, P. (2013). Impact of store environment on impulse buying behaviour. European Journal of Marketing, 47(10), 1711-1732. https://doi.org/10.1108/EJM-03-2011-0110
Ozen, H. & Engizek, N. (2014). Shopping online without thinking: Being emotional or rational? Asia Pacific Journal of Marketing and Logistics, 26(1), 78-93. https://doi.org/10.1108/APJML-06-2013-0066
Ozer, L. & Gultekin, B. (2015). Pre-and post-purchase stage in impulse buying: The role of mood and satisfaction. Journal of Retailing and Consumer Services, 22, 71-76. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jretconser.2014.10.004
Parboteeah, D. V., Valacich, J. S. & Wells, J. D. (2009). The influence of website characteristics on a consumer's urge to buy impulsively. Information Systems Research, 20(1), 60-78. https://doi.org/10.1287/isre.1070.0157
Park, E. J., Kim, E. Y., Funches, V. M. & Foxx, W. (2012). Apparel product attributes, web browsing, and e-impulse buying on shopping websites. Journal of Business Research, 65(11), 1583-1589. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2011.02.043
Park, J. & Lennon, S. J. (2006). Psychological and environmental antecedents of impulse buying tendency in the multichannel shopping context. Journal of Consumer Marketing, 23(2), 56-66. https://doi.org/10.1108/07363760610654998
Pornpitakpan, C. & Han, J. H. (2013). The effect of culture and salespersons' retail service quality on impulse buying. Australasian Marketing Journal (AMJ), 21(2), 85-93. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ausmj.2013.02.005
Rook, D. W. & Hoch, S. J. (1985). Consuming impulses. Advances in Consumer Research, 12(1).https://doi.org/10.1086/208514
Rook, D. W. & Gardner, M. P. (1993). In the mood: Impulse buying's affective antecedents. Research in Consumer Behaviour, 6(7), 1-28.
Rook, D. W. & Fisher, R. J. (1995). Normative influences on impulsive buying behaviour. Journal of Consumer Research, 22(3), 305-313. https://doi.org/10.1086/209452
Smith, D. N. & Sivakumar, K. (2004). Flow and internet shopping behaviour: A conceptual model and research propositions. Journal of Business Research, 57(10), 1199-1208. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0148-2963(02)00330-2
Solomon, M., Russell-Bennett, R. & Previte, J. (2012). Consumer Behaviour. Pearson Higher Education AU.
Stern, H. (1962). The significance of impulse buying today. TheJournal of Marketing, 59-62. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224296202600212
Tendai, M. & Crispen, C. (2009). In-store shopping environment and impulsive buying. African Journal of Marketing Management, 1(4), 102-108.
Thompson, E. R. & Prendergast, G. P. (2015). The influence of trait affect and the five-factor personality model on impulse buying. Personality and Individual Differences, 76, 216-221. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2014.12.025
Turkyilmaz, C. A., Erdem, S. & Uslu, A. (2015). The effects of personality traits and website quality on online impulse buying. ProcediaSocial and Behavioural Sciences, 175, 98-105. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.1179
Verhagen, T. & Dolen, W. (2011). The influence of online store beliefs on consumer online impulse buying: A model and empirical application. Information & Management, 48(8), 320-327. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.im.2011.08.001
Verplanken, B. & Sato, A. (2011). The psychology of impulse buying: An integrative self-regulation approach. Journal of Consumer Policy, 34(2), 197-210. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10603-011-9158-5
Virvilaite, R., Saladiene, V. & Bagdonaite, R. (2009). Peculiarities of impulsive purchasing in the market of consumer goods. Inzinerine Ekonomika-Engineering Economics, 2(62), 101-108.
Vohs, K. D. & Faber, R. J. (2007). Spent resources: Self-regulatory resource availability affects impulse buying. Journal of Consumer Research, 33(4), 537-547. https://doi.org/10.1086/510228
Wakefield, K. L. & Blodgett, J. G. (1994). The importance of servicescapes in leisure service settings. Journal of Services Marketing, 8(3), 66-76. https://doi.org/10.1108/08876049410065624
Wang, Y. J., Hong, S. & Lou, H. (2010). Beautiful beyond useful? The role of web aesthetics. Journal of Computer Information Systems, 50(3), 121-129.
Wood, M. (1998). Socio-economic status, delay of gratification, and impulse buying. Journal of Economic Psychology, 19(3), 295-320. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-4870(98)00009-9
Wu, W.-C. & Huan, T.-C. (2010). The effect of purchasing situation and conformity behaviour on young students' impulse buying. African Journal of Business Management, 4(16), 3530-3540.
Xiao, S. H. & Nicholson, M. (2013). A multidisciplinary cognitive behavioural framework of impulse buying: A systematic review of the literature. International Journal of Management Reviews, 15(3), 333-356. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2370.2012.00345.x
Xu, Y. & Huang, J.-S. (2014). Effects of price discounts and bonus packs on online impulse buying. Social Behaviour and Personality: An International Journal, 42(8), 1293-1302. https://doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2014.42.8.1293
Zeithaml, V. A., Berry, L. L. & Parasuraman, A. (1996). The behavioural consequences of service quality. The Journal of Marketing, 60(2), 31-46. https://doi.org/10.1177/002224299606000203
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.