Relationship Between Wisdom, Aggression, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem Among University Students
Keywords:
Wisdom, Aggression, Narcissism, Self-esteem, Adults, University graduates, Gender
Abstract
The present study investigated the relationship between adults' wisdom, aggression, narcissism, and self-esteem. A purposive sample (N = 300) of adults selected, both male and female, were included in the sample. Narcissism was measured through Narcissistic Personality Inventory (NPI) developed by Robert Raksin and Calvin. Wisdom is measured through Three Dimensional Wisdom Scale (3D-WS) developed by Monika Ardelt 2003. Aggression is measured through Buss and Perry Aggression Scale (BPAQ) developed by Buss and Perry. Self-esteem is measured through Rosen Berg Self-esteem Scale (RBSES) developed by Rosenberg. Descriptive statistics, alpha reliability, Pearson correlation, and t-test were computed to test the hypothesis. Pearson correlation showed a significant correlation between narcissism and self-esteem, the negative correlation of wisdom with aggression, and low self-esteem related to aggression but insignificantly, also a significant difference between wisdom on gender. This study helps mental health practitioners determine adults' overall psychological well-being.
References
Ardelt, M. (2003). Empirical assessment of a three-dimensional wisdom scale. Research on Aging, 25(3), 275-324. http://dx.doi.org/ 10.1177/0164027503025003004
Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Barry, T.C., Chaplin, F.W., & Grafeman, J.S. (2006). Aggression following performance Feedback: The influences of narcissism, feedback valence, and comparative standard. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(1), 177-187.
Burnett, C. J., Funderburk, S. C., Navarrete, J., Sabol, A., Liang-Guallpa, J., Desrochers, T. M., & Krashes, M. J. (2019). Need-based prioritization of behavior. eLife, 8, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.44527.001
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459.
Cherry, K. (2021). What is Aggression? Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2HfLtyn
Ehlers, L. (2018). Labour Relationship quality perceptions and self-esteem of a sample of Tshwane-based employees. Journal of Contemporary Management, 15, 24-47.
Geukes, K. et.al (2016). Trait personality and state variability: Predicting individual differences in within- and cross-context fluctuations in effect, self-evaluations, and behavior in everyday life. Journal of Research in Personality, 69(4), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.003
Hassan, T., & Hussain, A. (2022). Investigation of facial aggression detection techniques based on facial action units using machine learning. Applied Neuroscience. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-02142-6
Hyatt, C. S., Sleep, C. E., Lamkin, J., Maples-Keller, J. L., Sedikides, C., Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2018). Narcissism and self-esteem: A nomological network analysis. PloS One, 13(8), e0201088. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201088
Jam, F. A., Khan, T. I., Zaidi, B. H., & Muzaffar, S. M. (2011). Political skills moderates the relationship between perception of organizational politics and job outcomes. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 1(4), 57-70.
Khan, T. I., Akbar, A., Jam, F. A., & Saeed, M. M. (2016). A time-lagged study of the relationship between big five personality and ethical ideology. Ethics & Behavior, 26(6), 488-506. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2015.1055493
Mazhar, F., Jam, F. A., & Anwar, F. (2012). Consumer trust in e-commerce: A study of consumer perceptions in Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 6(7), 2516-2528. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.080
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177–196.
Nuckols, C. C., & Nuckols, C. C. (2013). The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM-5). Philadelphia, PA: American Psychiatric Association.
Queen's University Belfast. (2019, October 29). Narcissism can lower stress levels and reduce Chances of depression. Science Daily. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3qxqawZ
Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45(2), 590–590. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590
Riquel, J., Brendel, A. B., Hildebrandt, F., Greve, M., & Dennis, A. (2021). "F*** You!" – an investigation of humanness, frustration, and aggression in conversational agent communication. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Information Systems.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Shanahan, M. C., & Nieswandt, M. (2009). Creative Activities and Their Influence on Identification in Science: Three Case Studies. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 21(3), 63–79. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43156177
Stange, A., & Kunzmann, U. (2008). Fostering wisdom: A psychological perspective. In Ferrari, M., Potworowski, G. (eds). Teaching for Wisdom. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6532-3_2
Sternberg, R. J., & Jordan, J. (Eds.). (2005). A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610486
Utomo, T., Handoyo, S. & Fajrianthi (2021). Authentic followership: Criticism of the authentic followership models. Journal of Psychology, Religion and Humanity, 3(2).
Waheed, M. (2010). Instructor’s intention to accept online education: An extended TAM model. In E-Learn: World Conference on ELearning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 1263-1271). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Waheed, M. (2011, October). Integration of Knowledge Conversion Process and Electronic Learning Environment: Use of Course Management System. In Knowledge Globalization Conference, Boston, MA.
Waheed, M., & Leišytė, L. (2021). German and Swedish students going digital: do gender and interaction matter in quality evaluation of digital learning systems? Interactive Learning Environments, 1-15.
Xiong, M., & Wang, F. (2021). Gender effect on views of wisdom and wisdom levels. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725736
Bandura, A. (1973). Aggression: A social learning analysis. Hoboken, NJ: Prentice-Hall.
Barry, T.C., Chaplin, F.W., & Grafeman, J.S. (2006). Aggression following performance Feedback: The influences of narcissism, feedback valence, and comparative standard. Personality and Individual Differences, 41(1), 177-187.
Burnett, C. J., Funderburk, S. C., Navarrete, J., Sabol, A., Liang-Guallpa, J., Desrochers, T. M., & Krashes, M. J. (2019). Need-based prioritization of behavior. eLife, 8, 1-26. https://doi.org/10.7554/eLife.44527.001
Buss, A. H., & Perry, M. (1992). The aggression questionnaire. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 63(3), 452-459.
Cherry, K. (2021). What is Aggression? Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2HfLtyn
Ehlers, L. (2018). Labour Relationship quality perceptions and self-esteem of a sample of Tshwane-based employees. Journal of Contemporary Management, 15, 24-47.
Geukes, K. et.al (2016). Trait personality and state variability: Predicting individual differences in within- and cross-context fluctuations in effect, self-evaluations, and behavior in everyday life. Journal of Research in Personality, 69(4), 124-138. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2016.06.003
Hassan, T., & Hussain, A. (2022). Investigation of facial aggression detection techniques based on facial action units using machine learning. Applied Neuroscience. 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13204-021-02142-6
Hyatt, C. S., Sleep, C. E., Lamkin, J., Maples-Keller, J. L., Sedikides, C., Campbell, W. K., & Miller, J. D. (2018). Narcissism and self-esteem: A nomological network analysis. PloS One, 13(8), e0201088. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0201088
Jam, F. A., Khan, T. I., Zaidi, B. H., & Muzaffar, S. M. (2011). Political skills moderates the relationship between perception of organizational politics and job outcomes. Journal of Educational and Social Research, 1(4), 57-70.
Khan, T. I., Akbar, A., Jam, F. A., & Saeed, M. M. (2016). A time-lagged study of the relationship between big five personality and ethical ideology. Ethics & Behavior, 26(6), 488-506. https://doi.org/10.1080/10508422.2015.1055493
Mazhar, F., Jam, F. A., & Anwar, F. (2012). Consumer trust in e-commerce: A study of consumer perceptions in Pakistan. African Journal of Business Management, 6(7), 2516-2528. https://doi.org/10.5897/AJBM11.080
Morf, C. C., & Rhodewalt, F. (2001). Unraveling the paradoxes of narcissism: A dynamic self-regulatory processing model. Psychological Inquiry, 12, 177–196.
Nuckols, C. C., & Nuckols, C. C. (2013). The diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, (DSM-5). Philadelphia, PA: American Psychiatric Association.
Queen's University Belfast. (2019, October 29). Narcissism can lower stress levels and reduce Chances of depression. Science Daily. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/3qxqawZ
Raskin, R. N., & Hall, C. S. (1979). A narcissistic personality inventory. Psychological Reports, 45(2), 590–590. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.1979.45.2.590
Riquel, J., Brendel, A. B., Hildebrandt, F., Greve, M., & Dennis, A. (2021). "F*** You!" – an investigation of humanness, frustration, and aggression in conversational agent communication. Proceedings of the 42nd International Conference on Information Systems.
Rosenberg, M. (1965). Society and the adolescent self-image. Princeton, NJ: Princeton Shanahan, M. C., & Nieswandt, M. (2009). Creative Activities and Their Influence on Identification in Science: Three Case Studies. Journal of Elementary Science Education, 21(3), 63–79. http://www.jstor.org/stable/43156177
Stange, A., & Kunzmann, U. (2008). Fostering wisdom: A psychological perspective. In Ferrari, M., Potworowski, G. (eds). Teaching for Wisdom. Springer, Dordrecht, Netherland. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4020-6532-3_2
Sternberg, R. J., & Jordan, J. (Eds.). (2005). A handbook of wisdom: Psychological perspectives. Cambridge, UK: Cambridge University Press. https://doi.org/10.1017/CBO9780511610486
Utomo, T., Handoyo, S. & Fajrianthi (2021). Authentic followership: Criticism of the authentic followership models. Journal of Psychology, Religion and Humanity, 3(2).
Waheed, M. (2010). Instructor’s intention to accept online education: An extended TAM model. In E-Learn: World Conference on ELearning in Corporate, Government, Healthcare, and Higher Education (pp. 1263-1271). Association for the Advancement of Computing in Education (AACE).
Waheed, M. (2011, October). Integration of Knowledge Conversion Process and Electronic Learning Environment: Use of Course Management System. In Knowledge Globalization Conference, Boston, MA.
Waheed, M., & Leišytė, L. (2021). German and Swedish students going digital: do gender and interaction matter in quality evaluation of digital learning systems? Interactive Learning Environments, 1-15.
Xiong, M., & Wang, F. (2021). Gender effect on views of wisdom and wisdom levels. Frontiers in Psychology, 12, 1-14. http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2021.725736
Published
2022-01-22
How to Cite
Dr. Sajid Mahmood Alvi, Zainab Noor, & Saba Bibi. (2022). Relationship Between Wisdom, Aggression, Narcissism, and Self-Esteem Among University Students. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(1), 106-111. https://doi.org/10.33152/jmphss-6.1.10
Issue
Section
Articles
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
