Analyzing the Mediating Role of Food Insecurity between Economic Factors and Child Health in Pakistan: An Application of Haye’s Logistic Model
Keywords:
Child health, Asset poverty, Food insecurity, Pakistan
Abstract
This study tends to assess the critical selected economic factors intervening the child health problems in Pakistan. Child health problem is of great concern and became even more important after the United Nation’s Sustainable Development Goals vision of Global Social, Economics, and Environmental sustainability. This study analyses the data of the Pakistan Household Integrated Economic Survey (HIES) 2018-19, which is the latest available data in the current year, 2022. A total frequency of 24809 households are included in the study sample and are inquired about their economic proceeding of life and their child's health problems. Child health is a derived factor that is not obviously directly affected by its socio-economic determinants. Unlike the previous studies, this study follows an indirect analysis while explaining child health determinants. Hayes' process of mediation is applied to see the role of global food insecurity in the households in the country and its implication on the child health ratio in Pakistan. This study implies a significant negative role in asset poverty. Food insecurity on the child health in Pakistan, meaning that if a household is food insecure, that will lead to a high risk of child adverse health problems and vice-versa. Moreover, there are some direct effects of asset poverty on the child's health as they assess the fiat source of finance for the household after a liquid form of monetary assets.
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Wilkinson, R. G., & Pickett, K. E. (2006). Income inequality and population health: A review and explanation of the evidence. Social science & Medicine, 62(7), 1768-1784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.08.036
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https://doi.org/10.1300/J013v35n01_06
Arif, G. M., Farooq, S., Nazir, S., & Satti, M. (2014). Child malnutrition and poverty: The case of Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 53(2), 99-118. https://doi.org/10.30541/v37i2pp.99-124
Arif, G. M., & Ibrahim, S. (1998). Diarrhoea morbidity differentials among children in Pakistan. The Pakistan Development Review, 205-230. https://doi.org/10.30541/v37i3pp.205-230
Bartick, M. C., Jegier, B. J., Green, B. D., Schwarz, E. B., Reinhold, A. G., & Stuebe, A. M. (2017). Disparities in breastfeeding: impact on maternal and child health outcomes and costs. The Journal of Pediatrics, 181, 49-55. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jpeds.2016.10.028
Bhan, N., Glymour, M. M., Kawachi, I., & Subramanian, S. (2014). Childhood adversity and asthma prevalence: Evidence from 10 US states (2009-2011). BMJ Open Respiratory Research, 1(1), e000016. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjresp-2013-000016
Byaro, M., & Musonda, P. (2017). Per capita income and public health expenditure: What makes good child health outcomes in Tanzania? A comparison of Frequentist and Bayesian approach (1995-2013). International Journal of Health, 5(1), 74-81. https://doi.org/10.14419/ijh.v5i1.7372
Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173
Burnside, C., & Dollar, D. (1998). Aid, the incentive regime, and poverty reduction (No. 1937). World Bank Publications, Washington, D.C.
Chakrabarti, C., Sood, S. K., Parnell, V., & Rubin, L. G. (2003). Prolonged candidemia in infants following surgery for congenital heart disease. Infection Control & Hospital Epidemiology, 24(10), 753-757. https://doi.org/10.1086/502126
Currie, J., & Lin, W. (2007). Chipping away at health: More on the relationship between income and child health. Health Affairs, 26(2), 331-344. https://doi.org/10.1377/hlthaff.26.2.331
Dorosh, P., Malik, S. J., & Krausova, M. (2010). Rehabilitating agriculture and promoting food security after the 2010 Pakistan floods: Insights from the south Asian experience. The Pakistan Development Review, 49(3), 167-192. https://doi.org/10.30541/v49i3pp.167-192
Defries, R. D., Moss, G. W. O., Berry, A. E., Mosley, W., MacMillan, C. W., Wishart, F. O., ... & Mather, J. M. (1955). The Canadian Public Health Association 1954-55: PART II. Canadian Journal of Public Health/Revue Canadienne de Sante'e Publique, 46(11), 460-473.
Evans, G. W., & Kim, P. (2010). Multiple risk exposure as a potential explanatory mechanism for the socioeconomic status-health gradient. Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences, 1186(1), 174-189. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.2009.05336.x
Garin, O., Herdman, M., Vilagut, G., Ferrer, M., Ribera, A., Rajmil, L., ... & Alonso, J. (2014). Assessing health-related quality of life in patients with heart failure: A systematic, standardized comparison of available measures. Heart Failure Reviews, 19(3), 359-367. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10741-013-9394-7
Howe, T. E., Rochester, L., Neil, F., Skelton, D. A., & Ballinger, C. (2011). Exercise for improving balance in older people. Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, (11). https://doi.org/10.1002/14651858.CD004963.pub3
Hayes, A. F., & Rockwood, N. J. (2017). Regression-based statistical mediation and moderation analysis in clinical research: Observations, recommendations, and implementation. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 98, 39-57. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2016.11.001
Jaccard, J., Turrisi, R., & Jaccard, J. (2003). Interaction effects in multiple regression (No. 72). Sage, Newcastle upon Tyne, UK. https://doi.org/10.4135/9781412984522
Kux, D. (2001). The United States and Pakistan, 1947-2000: Disenchanted Allies. Woodrow Wilson Center Press, Washington, D.C.
Kogan, M. D., Blumberg, S. J., Schieve, L. A., Boyle, C. A., Perrin, J. M., Ghandour, R. M., ... & van Dyck, P. C. (2009). Prevalence of parentreported diagnosis of autism spectrum disorder among children in the US, 2007. Pediatrics, 124(5), 1395-1403. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2009-1522
MacKinnon, D. P., Fairchild, A. J., & Fritz, M. S. (2007). Mediation analysis. Annual Review of Psychology, 58, 593. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.58.110405.085542
McGuire, M. (2006). Collaborative public management: Assessing what we know and how we know it. Public Administration Review, 66, 33-43. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1540-6210.2006.00664.x
Pokhrel, S., & Sauerborn, R. (2004). Household decision-making on child health care in developing countries: The case of Nepal. Health Policy and Planning, 19(4), 218-233. https://doi.org/10.1093/heapol/czh027
Piko, B. F., & Fitzpatrick, K. M. (2007). Socioeconomic status, psychosocial health and health behaviours among Hungarian adolescents. The European Journal of Public Health, 17(4), 353-360. https://doi.org/10.1093/eurpub/ckl257
Pai, S., & Bahadur, K. (2020). The impact of food insecurity on child health. Pediatric Clinics, 67(2), 387-396. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.pcl.2019.12.004
Reiss, F. (2013). Socioeconomic inequalities and mental health problems in children and adolescents: A systematic review. Social Science & Medicine, 90, 24-31. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2013.04.026
Raffensperger, S., Kuczmarski, M. F., Hotchkiss, L., Cotugna, N., Evans, M. K., & Zonderman, A. B. (2010). Effect of race and predictors of socioeconomic status on diet quality in the HANDLS Study sample. Journal of the National Medical Association, 102(10), 923-930. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0027-9684(15)30711-2
Shiell, A. (1991). Poverty and inequalities in health (No. 086chedp). Centre for Health Economics, University of York, Heslington, England.
Scott, S. P., Chen-Edinboro, L. P., Caulfield, L. E., & Murray-Kolb, L. E. (2014). The impact of anemia on child mortality: An updated review. Nutrients, 6(12), 5915-5932. https://doi.org/10.3390/nu6125915
Terrelonge, S. C. (2014). For health, strength, and daily food: The dual impact of remittances and public health expenditure on household health spending and child health outcomes. The Journal of Development Studies, 50(10), 1397-1410. https://doi.org/10.1080/00220388.2014.940911
Thomas, M., Miller, D. P., & Morrissey, T. W. (2019). Food insecurity and child health. Pediatrics, 144(4). https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2019-0397
World Health Organization (1978). Declaration of alma-ata (No. WHO/EURO: 1978-3938-43697-61471). World Health Organization, Geneva, Switzerland
Wood, D. (2003). Effect of child and family poverty on child health in the United States. Pediatrics, 112(Supplement_3), 707-711. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.112.S3.707
Wilkinson, R. G., & Pickett, K. E. (2006). Income inequality and population health: A review and explanation of the evidence. Social science & Medicine, 62(7), 1768-1784. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2005.08.036
Yardim, M. S., Cilingiroglu, N., & Yardim, N. (2010). Catastrophic health expenditure and impoverishment in Turkey. Health Policy, 94(1),
26-33. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.healthpol.2009.08.006
Published
2022-03-31
How to Cite
Abdul Mansoor, & Dr. Sabahat Subhan. (2022). Analyzing the Mediating Role of Food Insecurity between Economic Factors and Child Health in Pakistan: An Application of Haye’s Logistic Model. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 6(2), 82-91. https://doi.org/10.33152/jmphss-6.2.10
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