Social-Cultural Barriers of Muslim Women Athletes: Case Study of Professional Female Athletes in Iran
Keywords:
Social-Cultural Barriers, Muslim Women Athletes, Professional Sport, Iran
Abstract
The purpose of this research is to identify socio-cultural barriers of Muslim women athletes. A case study on professional female athletes in Iran is carried out in the current study to highlight the barriers that women athletes have to go through in their careers. Qualitative research was performed based on grounded theory. To collect data, the semi-structured interviews were used. The sample was taken from professors of sports management in universities of Iran who were active in the main body of the sport, as well as the chairman and vice chairman of the federations that were selected purpose-fully. The results of the eleven semi-structured interviews found five categories, namely personal problems, social beliefs, government thought, cultural attitudes, legal-law and customary barriers, all of which included the central issue of social cultural barriers. On the basis of these findings some useful recommendations for policy makers are made which might help them to develop an inclusive and encouraging environment for the athletes and eventually the athletes will be able to overcome the social and cultural hurdles in their career path.
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Ahmadi, R. (2006). Study and comparison of leisure time of female students of Zanjan university with emphasis on the role of physical education and sports(Unpublished master's thesis). Faculty of Physical Education, University of Zanjan, Zanjan, Iran.
Bibi, I., Khan, S., & Khan, W. (2016). Inϐluence of sociocultural problems on sports participation: A case of female elite athletes in Pakistan. International Journal of Scientiϔic & Engineering Research, 7(6), 363-369.
doi:https://doi.org/10.14299/ijser.2016.06.003
Chou, P. C., Wu, S. F., & Chou, Y. C. (2017). The perspective of indigenous culture-a case study of the Truku tribe in East Taiwan. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(1), 67-71.
doi:https://doi.org/10.26500/jarssh-02-2017-0109
Ehsani, M., & Eghbali, M. (2008). The role of professional sport in the development and expansion of muslim women's sport. Research in Sport Sciences, 22(6), 135-171.
Emeka, A., Anaza, M. P., & Taeho, Y. (2009). An examination of constraints inϐluence spectators’ attendance in women’s intercollegiate sporting events. In Conference of North American Society for Sport Management, Columbia, SC.
Ghodrati, G. (2008). How to spend leisure time male and female students of shahid chamran university of Ahwaz with emphasis on the role of physical education and sport (Unpublished master's thesis). Physical Education College, Chamran University, Ahwaz, Iran.
Gruff, J. (2014). Womens, sport, development, and cultural diversity: The South African experience. Sport and Social Exclusion, 20(23), 191-209.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1016/s0277-5395(97)00006-x
Harkness, G. (2012). Out of bounds: Cultural barriers to female sports participation in Qatar. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 29(15), 2162-2183.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2012.721595
Hashemi, H. (2006). Investigating the factors inhibiting the participation of female employees of women and providing effective strategies in this ϔield (Unpublished master's thesis). Azad University of Khorasgan, Esfahan, Iran.
Henderson, K. A., & Winn, S. (2006). Females and physical activity. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2BUYU1n (accessed on 29 September, 2006)
Hosseini, A. (2006). Marketing in women's sports and challenges. Tehran, Iran: Bamdad Publications.
Hsieh, H. F., & Shannon, S. E. (2005). Three approaches to qualitative content analysis. Qualitative Health Research, 15(9), 1277-1288.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1177/1049732305276687
IW Sports. (2018). The supreme leader praised the veil of Sara Javanmardi/medal leader of Jakarta. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2BVgDWG (accessed on 14 June, 2018)
Jamil, A. (2009). Perception of stakeholders regarding role of sports in the development and promotion of appropriate sociocultural traits among its participants (Unpublished doctoral dissertation). Gomal University, DI Khan, Pakistan.
Kamkari, K. (2018). The success model of the iranian sport caravan on the Tokyo 2020 olympics(Unpublished doctorate dissertation). Tehran University, Tehran, Iran. Mehdipoor, A. (2007). Study of the place of physical education and sport in spending leisure time of university students and institutions of higher education in Tehran and analyzing the factors affecting it (Unpublished master's thesis). Modares University, Tehran, Iran.
Motameni, A., Hemati, A., & Moradi, H. (2014). Identifying barriers to women's athletics promotion in the premier league of Khuzestan province. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 24(3), 111-130.
Mozafare, A. (2009). Islamic republic of iran to develop a comprehensive system of athletics. Institute of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, 2(2), 79-94.
Ohta, M., Mizoue, T., Mishima, N., & Ikeda, M. (2007). Effect of the physical activities in leisure time and commuting to work on mental health. Journal of Occupational Health, 49(1), 46-52.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1539/joh.49.46
Parvizy, S., Adib-Hajbaghery, M., & Salsali, M. (2003). Principles and methods in qualitative research. Tehran, Iran: Boshra.
Pfister, G. (2010). Outsiders: Muslim women and olympic games-barriers and opportunities. The International Journal of the History of Sport, 27(16-18), 2925-2957.
doi:https://doi.org/10.1080/09523367.2010.508291
Poorgachi, S., Heidarinegad, S., Shetab booshehri, N., & Khatibi, A. (2017). Identifying barriers to women's athletics promotion in the premier league of Khuzestan province. Journal of Sport Management Studies, 42(2), 162-137.
Qatar National Development Strategy. (2013). Towards Qatar national vision 2030. Retrieved from https://bit.ly/2SARkQW (accessed on 11 January, 2013)
Salam, A. (2016). Challenges faced by working women in Al Ain city, UAE. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2(5), 189-197.
doi:https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.2.20005-5
Shergold, A. (2012). The muslim women who overcame the odds and the prejudice to make history today on the olympic stage. Retrieved from https://dailym.ai/2F8S6Aq (accessed on 4 August, 2013)
Strauss, A., & Corbin, J. (1990). Qualitative research: Grounded theory procedures and technique. London, UK: Sage Publications.
Suharti, L., & Pramono, A. (2016). Cultural intelligence among indonesian students: Role of international experiences and their impact on the development of social network and adaptive performance. Journal of Advances in Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(3), 182-194.
doi:https://doi.org/10.20474/jahss-2.3.6
Yildiz, F. U. (2016). A study into the clothing features of folkloric trinket dolls characterizing Turkish culture. International Journal of Humanities, Arts and Social Sciences, 2(6), 221-227.
doi:https://doi.org/10.20469/ijhss.2.20005-6
Zia-ul Islam, S., Jamil, A., Khan, A., & Khan, I. (2014). Study of governmental barriers/hurdles affecting sports in secondary schools of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa, Pakistan. International Journal of Academic Research in Business and Social Sciences, 4(4), 45-60.
Published
2018-06-15
How to Cite
Shohreh Sadeghi, Seyed Nasrollah Sajjadi, Hosein Rajabi Nooshabadi, & Majid Jalali Farahani. (2018). Social-Cultural Barriers of Muslim Women Athletes: Case Study of Professional Female Athletes in Iran. Journal of Management Practices, Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1), 06-10. Retrieved from https://global-jws.com/ojs/index.php/global-jws/article/view/7
Section
Articles
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