Studying Social Development of Students Enrolled in National Outreach Program: A Case Study of Cadet College Hasanabdal
Abstract
This study highlighted the social development of less developed areas students enrolled in the National Outreach Program (NOP). The research objective was to know students' perceptions of their social development during the National Outreach Program at Cadet College Hasanabdal. The descriptive survey research design was applied. The 169 male students were taken as a sample of research by using the total population sampling technique. A social development questionnaire was developed by the researcher that was used in this research. The validity of questionnaires was checked through a panel of experts and pilot testing checked reliability. The results indicated that NOP has significantly developed the social skills of students. It can be concluded that NOP is an intervention that paves the path toward an effective learning process. As results indicated a positive change in students due to the NOP in terms of communication skills, building self-esteem, strengthening learning skills, co-curricular activities, and establishing a positive attitude. The national outreach program is run under the Pakistan Institute of Parliamentary Services (PIPS). NOP implies awareness in the fields of civil society, youth, socialization, and engagement. Therefore, it is recommended that government may initiate a NOP program for less developed areas students that facilitates them to acquire social learning skills necessary for their academic success.
References
Abukari, H., & Mwalyosi, R. B. (2020). Local communities' perceptions about the impact of protected areas on and Science Self-Efficacy Influence Their Motivations and Behaviors in STEM Community Engagement. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 24(1), e00182-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.gecco.2020.e00909
Alghamdi, H., & Sun, L. (2017). Analysis of the Fit of Learning and Management Systems in Higher Education Institutions: A Case Study from Saudi Arabia. International Journal of Business and Economic Affairs, 2(4), 260-267.
Altakhayneh, S. K. (2022). Exploring ambivalent sexism and mental health in Jordanian English education: Mediating effects of self-esteem, anger regulation and feeling of shame. Pakistan Journal of Life & Social Sciences, 20(2).
Barr, V., Rando, R., Krylowicz, B., & Winfield, E. (2010). The Association for University and college counseling center directors annual survey.
Bhayat, A., & Mahrous, M. S. (2012). Impact of outreach activities at the College of Dentistry, Taibah University. Journal of Taibah University Medical Sciences, 7(1), 19-22. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jtumed.2012.07.008
Bial, D., & Gandara, P. C. (2001). Paving the way to postsecondary education K-12 intervention programs for underrepresented youth: Report of the National Postsecondary Education Cooperative Working Group on Access to Postsecondary Education. DIANE Publishing.
Blocher, W. G. (2011). Effectiveness of an outreach program designed to enhance college students' help-seeking attitudes, and intentions, and to reduce stigmas Unpublished Dissertation. Iowa State University Capstones.
Boyd, V., Hattauer, E., Brandel, I. W., Buckles, N., Davidshofer, C., Deakin, S., & Steel, C. M. (2003). Accreditation standards for university and college counseling centers. Journal of Counseling & Development, 81(2), 168-177. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6678.2003.tb00238.x
Brown, K. (2018). The effects of a university research reactor's outreach program on students' attitudes and knowledge about nuclear radiation. Research in Science & Technological Education, 36(4), 484-498.
Byaruhanga, E., Cantor-Graae, E., Maling, S., & Kabakyenga, J. (2008). Pioneering work in mental health outreach in rural Southwestern Uganda. Intervention: International Journal of Mental Health, Psychosocial Work & Counselling in Areas of Armed Conflict, 6(2), 117-131. https://doi.org/10.1097/WTF.0b013e328307ed56
Chan, S., & Flinn, B. (2005). Materials science and engineering outreach program. Journal of Materials Education, 27(1), 65-74.
Dickman, A. J. (2010). Complexities of conflict: the importance of considering social factors for effectively resolving. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-1795.2010.00368.x
Domina, T. (2009). What works in college outreach: Assessing targeted and school-wide interventions for disadvantaged students. Educational Evaluation and Policy Analysis, 31(2), 127-152. https://doi.org/10.3102/0162373709333887
Domina, T., & Ruzek, E. (2012). Paving the way: K-16 partnerships for higher education diversity and high school reform. Educational Policy, 26(2), 243-267. https://doi.org/10.1177/0895904810386586
Esters, I. G., Cooker, P. G., & Ittenbach, R. F. (1998). Effects of a unit of instruction in mental health on rural adolescents' conceptions of mental illness and attitudes about seeking help. Adolescence, 33(130), 469-476.
Fahrenwald, N. L., Wey, B., Martin, A., & Specker, B. L. (2013). Community outreach and engagement to prepare for household recruitment of national children's study participants in a rural setting. The Journal of Rural Health, 29(1), 61-68. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1748-0361.2012.00418.x
Ferdinand, D. P., Nedunchezhian, S., & Ferdinand, K. C. (2020). Hypertension in African Americans: Advances in community outreach and public health approaches. Progress in Cardiovascular Diseases, 63(1), 40-45.
Ghazzawi, I. A., Lee, B., & Cho, Y. (2019). Reaching out to underserved high school students: An experiential approach to higher education. Journal of Higher Education Theory and Practice, 19(4), 42-59. https://doi.org/10.33423/jhetp.v19i4.2201
Gonzalez, J. M., Tinsley, H. E., & Kreuder, K. R. (2002). Effects of psychoeducational interventions on opinions of mental illness, attitudes toward help-seeking, and expectations about psychotherapy in college students. Journal of College Student Development, 43(1), 51-63.
Goodyear, J., & Soysa, I. B. (2017). A New Zealand national outreach program inspiring young girls in humanitarian engineering. International Journal for Service Learning in Engineering, Humanitarian Engineering and Social Entrepreneurship, 12(2), 1-14. https://doi.org/10.24908/ijsle.v12i2.7551
Grout, J. (2003). Milestones of TRIO history, part I. Opportunity Outlook: Washington, DC. The Journal of the Council for Opportunity in Education, 4(2), 119-130.
Guajardo, J. M. F., & Anderson, T. (2007). An investigation of psycho educational interventions about therapy. Psychotherapy Research, 17(1), 120-127. https://doi.org/10.1080/10503300600590637
Han, D.-Y., Chen, S.-H., Hwang, K.-K., & Wei, H.-L. (2006). Effects of psychoeducation for depression on help-seeking willingness: Biological attribution versus destigmatization. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 60(6), 662-668. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1440-1819.2006.01580.x
Hassan, R., & Mirza, M. S. (2005). Education inequality and economic growth: a framework for the evaluation of Pakistan's education policy. International Journal of Human Development, 1(2), 37-60.
Haris, A. (2017). Learning system management based on teaching factory in Indonesia. Journal of Advanced Research in Social Sciences and Humanities, 2(4), 237-248
Holland, N. E. (2010). Postsecondary education preparation of traditionally underrepresented college students: A social capital perspective. Journal of Diversity in Higher Education, 3(2), 111-125. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0019249
Ibourk, A. & Amaghouss, J. (2013). Inequality in education and economic growth: empirical investigation and foundation: Evidence from MENA Region. International Journal of Economics and Finance, 5(2), 111-124. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijef.v5n2p111
Idrees, M., & Shah, A. (2018). An empirical analysis of educational inequalities in Pakistan. Pakistan Economic and Social Review, 56(2), 313.
Johnson, G. E., Wright, F. C., & Foster, K. (2018). The impact of rural outreach programs on medical students' future rural intentions and working locations: A systematic review. BMC Medical Education, 18(1), 1-19. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12909-018-1287-y
Kideghesho, J. R., Kimaro, H. S., Mayengo, G., & Kisingo, A. W. (2021). Will Tanzania’s wildlife sector survive the covid-19 pandemic?. Tropical Conservation Science, 14, 19400829211012682. https://doi.org/10.1177/19400829211012682
Khan, T. I., Jam, F. A., Akbar, A., Khan, M. B., & Hijazi, S. T. (2011). Job involvement as predictor of employee commitment: Evidence from Pakistan. International Journal of Business and Management, 6(4), 252-262. https://doi.org/10.5539/ijbm.v6n4p252
Loza, P. P. (2003). A system at risk: College outreach programs and the educational neglect of underachieving Latino high school students. The Urban Review, 35(1), 43-57. https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1022541506588
Mbise, F. P., & Sosiya, T. (2023). Impact of outreach programmes on the relationship between local people and parks. Perceptions of communities near Tarangire National Park, Tanzania. Global Ecology and Conservation, 42, e02411.
Millar, V., Toscano, M., van Driel, J., Stevenson, E., Nelson, C., & Kenyon, C. (2019). University run science outreach programs as a community of practice and site for identity development. International Journal of Science Education, 41(18), 2579-2601.
Miranda, R. J., & Hermann, R. S. (2010). A critical analysis of faculty-developed urban K-12 science outreach programs. Penn GSE Perspectives on Urban Education, 7(1), 109-114.
Murphy, K. M., & Kelp, N. C. (2023). Undergraduate STEM Students’ Science Communication Skills, Science Identity, and Science SelfEfficacy Influence Their Motivations and Behaviors in STEM Community Engagement. Journal of Microbiology & Biology Education, 24(1), e00182-22.
Nuncio, R. V., Arcinas, M. M., Lucas, R. I. G., Alontaga, J. V. Q., Neri, S. G. T., & Carpena, J. M. (2020). An E-learning outreach program for public schools: Findings and lessons learned based on a pilot program in Makati City and Cabuyao City, Laguna, Philippines. Evaluation and Program Planning, 82, 101846. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.evalprogplan.2020.101846
Pelinescu, E. (2015). The impact of human capital on economic growth. Procedia Economics and Finance, 22(5), 184-190. https://doi.org/10.1016/S2212-5671(15)00258-0
Perna, L. W. (2002). Precollege Outreach Programs: Characteristics of programs serving historically underrepresented groups of students. Journal of College Student Development, 43(1), 64-83.
Perna, L. W., & Swail, W. S. (2001). Pre-college outreach and early intervention. Thought & Action, 17(1), 99-110.
Randolph, J., Hay, E., Rethman, C., Erukhimova, T., Donaldson, J. P., & Perry, J. (2021, August). Impact of informal physics programs on female university students. In Proceedings of PER Conf.
Schultz, T. W. (1961). Investment in human capital. The American economic review, 51(1), 1-17.
Sharp, W., Hargrove, D. S., Johnson, L., & Deal, W. P. (2006). Mental health education: an evaluation of a classroom-based strategy to modify help-seeking for mental health problems. Journal of College Student Development, 47(4), 419-438. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2006.0051
Smith, K., & Beruvides, M. (2020, March). Educational Management: An Application of Research for Educational Outreach Programs. Gulf Southwest Section Conference, 2017.
Suresan, V., Jnaneswar, A., Swati, S. P., Jha, K., Goutham, B. S., & Kumar, G. (2019). The impact of outreach programs on academic development, personal development, and civic responsibilities of dental students in Bhubaneswar city. Journal of Education and Health Promotion, 8(3), 1-8.
Swail, W. S. (2000). Preparing America's disadvantaged for college: Programs that increase college opportunity. New Directions for Institutional Research, 27(3), 85-101. https://doi.org/10.1002/ir.10706
Swail, W. S., and Perna, L. W. (2002). Pre-college outreach programs: A national perspective. Albany, NY: State University of New York Press.
Tanaka, G., Ogawa, T., Inadomi, H., Kikuchi, Y., & Ohta, Y. (2003). Effects of an educational program on public attitudes towards mental illness. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences, 57(6), 595-602. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1819.2003.01173.x
Tarar, I. A., Khan Rana, A. M., & Abbas, F. (2021). Right to Education: Comparative Study of Constitutional Contours, Legislative Initiatives and Institutional Arrangements in India and Pakistan. Ilkogretim Online, 20(5).
Tigges, B. B., Kaar, J. L., Erbstein, N., Silberman, P., Winseck, K., Lopez-Class, M., & Burbacher, T. M. (2017). Effectiveness of community outreach and engagement in recruitment success for a birth cohort. Journal of Clinical and Translational Science, 1(3), 184-191. https://doi.org/10.1017/cts.2017.7
Von Witzke, H. (1984). Poverty, agriculture, and economic development: A survey. European Review of Agricultural Economics, 11(4), 439-453. https://doi.org/10.1093/erae/11.4.439
Weisbord, M. R. (2012). Productive workplaces: Dignity, meaning, and community in the 21st century. John Wiley & Sons.
Yang, H. H., Zhu, S., & MacLeod, J. (2018). Promoting education equity in rural and underdeveloped areas: Cases on computer-supported collaborative teaching in China. Eurasia Journal of Mathematics, Science and Technology Education, 14(6), 2393-2405. https://doi.org/10.29333/ejmste/89841
Zahoor, B., & Rumi, R. (Eds.). (2020). Rethinking Pakistan: A 21st century perspective. Anthem Press. https://doi.org/10.2307/j.ctv20pxxx9.4
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
